Code	Technology/Technique/Practice short/commercial name	Technology/Technique/Practice full title/name	Main resource stream	Secondary resource stream	Secondary resource stream 2	Main raw materials	Secondary raw materials	Component Material Categories (CMC)	Component Material Categories (CMC) 2	Component Material Categories (CMC) 3	Quantity of secondary raw materials processed [t/day, t/month, t/year]	Technology/Technique/Practice main production stages	Technology/Technique/Practice description	General diagram graphic diagram of the Technology/Technique/Practice	Fertilizer product(s) commertial name/common name	Other by-products Energy/heat/waste water/soild waste/etc.	Main Product Function Categories (PFC)/Type of fertilizer product	Secondary Product Function Categories (PFC)/Type of fertilizer product	Secondary Product Function Categories (PFC)/Type of fertilizer product O	Nutrient content Main nutrient content [%], Dry Matter Basis	OM	Corg	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S	Physical properties	Dry matter content [%]	Density [kg/m3]	Visual examples of final product	Technology/technique/practice production capacity [t/day, t/month, t/year]	Technology/Technique/Practice mobility Static - Mobile	TRL	Operating/existing installation	Environmental impact and LCA data availability	Level of complexity Low - Medium - High	Replication potencial Low -Medium - High	Region of implementation	Country of implementation	Statistical location NUTS	Limitations/challenges	Relevant stakeholders	Data source(s) Literature/websites/databases	Ongoing/completed project	Additional information and comments	Responsible Project Partner/editor
T1	Ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulphate from liquid fraction of manure, digestate or other waste stream by "Detricon" process	Technology for N recovery as inorganic fertilizer starting from liquid fraction of manure, digestate or other waste streams with "Detricon" stripping and scrubbing process	Agricultural Biomasses	Municipal Biowaste	Urban Wastewater	Agricultural Biomasses: liquid fraction of manure Urban Wastewater: landfill leachate, liquid waste streams with more than 0,1% ammonia nitrogen	Agricultural Biomasses: liquid fraction digestate Municipal Biowaste: liquid fraction digestate	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC		Separation of the liquid fraction of manure or other liquid waste streams; transfer of the liquid fraction to a stripper; recovery of nitrogen in the stripper by removing volatile ammonia from the liquid fraction by blowing air and adjusting pH and temperature; the ammonia-enriched air from the stripper is chemically bound with nitric acid or sulfuric acid to ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate in the scrubber.	In the Detricon stripping/scrubbing process, ammonia is recovered from liquid fraction of manure, digestate or other liquid waste streams andconcentrated into a single fertilizer product. First, the manure needs to be mechanically separated, then the liquid fraction is transferred to the stripper/scrubber. Under the influence of pH and temperature, the ratio ammonia/ammonium can be increased so that the ammoniacal nitrogen can volatilize more quickly. By blowing in air, the volatile ammonia is removed from the liquid fraction and the nitrogen can be recovered. The air from the stripper, enriched with ammonia, is chemically bound to ammonium nitrate by nitric acid or ammonium sulphate by sulfuric acid in the scrubber. The concentration of ammonium nitrate (or sulphate) is determined by the initial amount of water in the scrubber and the amount of nitric acid (or sulphuric acid) added during the production process. The technology produces a technical pure-end product, ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulphate. In the Detricon process the concentration is set to 52 mass% ammonium nitrate which corresponds to 18 mass% N or 40 mass% ammonium sulphate which corresponds to 8,5 mass% N and 9,5 mass% S. After the ammonia in the scrubber is chemically bound, the ammonia-poor (<20 ppm NH3) air goes back to the stripper. Detricon's technology is an energy efficient and economic interesting technology to produce locally a pure nitrogen fertilizer without other nutrients. It is an example of circular economy.	https://www.detricon.eu/_files/ugd/3dfe50_d30200ab07de466d992eca1ae0c3ab46.pdf https://nutriman.net/sites/default/files/2020-10/296_INFO%20SHEET-Technology%20-%20Detricon.pdf	Liquid ammonium nitrate or liquid ammonium sulphate	solid fraction	PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer			Liquid ammonium sulphate			8.5					9.5			1230	https://www.detricon.eu/_files/ugd/3dfe50_d30200ab07de466d992eca1ae0c3ab46.pdf	100-5.000 ton/year (scale up options: 200.000 ton/year)	Static	9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Southwest	Belgium / Flemish Region		1) Detricon has a EU patent pending of their stripping/scrubbing technology. 2) The cost is 300.000 euro for 3 m³/h stripping/scrubbing and 550.000 euro for 8 m³/h stripping/scrubbing; operational: 0,9-1,2 euro/ton depending on the market value of the produced liquid ammonium nitrate.	DETRICON BVBA https://www.detricon.eu/	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_296 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_295 https://www.detricon.eu/	NUTRIMAN / project completed		IUNG
T2	Ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulphate from liquid fraction of manure, digestate or other waste stream by "Detricon" process	Technology for N recovery as inorganic fertilizer starting from liquid fraction of manure, digestate or other waste streams with "Detricon" stripping and scrubbing process	Agricultural Biomasses	Municipal Biowaste	Urban Wastewater	Agricultural Biomasses: liquid fraction of manure Urban Wastewater: landfill leachate, liquid waste streams with more than 0,1% ammonia nitrogen	Agricultural Biomasses: liquid fraction digestate Municipal Biowaste: liquid fraction digestate	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC		Separation of the liquid fraction of manure or other liquid waste streams; transfer of the liquid fraction to a stripper; recovery of nitrogen in the stripper by removing volatile ammonia from the liquid fraction by blowing air and adjusting pH and temperature; the ammonia-enriched air from the stripper is chemically bound with nitric acid or sulfuric acid to ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate in the scrubber.	In the Detricon stripping/scrubbing process, ammonia is recovered from liquid fraction of manure, digestate or other liquid waste streams andconcentrated into a single fertilizer product. First, the manure needs to be mechanically separated, then the liquid fraction is transferred to the stripper/scrubber. Under the influence of pH and temperature, the ratio ammonia/ammonium can be increased so that the ammoniacal nitrogen can volatilize more quickly. By blowing in air, the volatile ammonia is removed from the liquid fraction and the nitrogen can be recovered. The air from the stripper, enriched with ammonia, is chemically bound to ammonium nitrate by nitric acid or ammonium sulphate by sulfuric acid in the scrubber. The concentration of ammonium nitrate (or sulphate) is determined by the initial amount of water in the scrubber and the amount of nitric acid (or sulphuric acid) added during the production process. The technology produces a technical pure-end product, ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulphate. In the Detricon process the concentration is set to 52 mass% ammonium nitrate which corresponds to 18 mass% N or 40 mass% ammonium sulphate which corresponds to 8,5 mass% N and 9,5 mass% S. After the ammonia in the scrubber is chemically bound, the ammonia-poor (<20 ppm NH3) air goes back to the stripper. Detricon's technology is an energy efficient and economic interesting technology to produce locally a pure nitrogen fertilizer without other nutrients. It is an example of circular economy.	https://www.detricon.eu/_files/ugd/3dfe50_d30200ab07de466d992eca1ae0c3ab46.pdf https://nutriman.net/sites/default/files/2020-10/296_INFO%20SHEET-Technology%20-%20Detricon.pdf	Liquid ammonium nitrate or liquid ammonium sulphate	solid fraction	PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer			Liquid ammonium nitrate			18 or 10								1250.0 (for 18% N)	https://www.detricon.eu/_files/ugd/3dfe50_d30200ab07de466d992eca1ae0c3ab46.pdf	100-5.000 ton/year (scale up options: 200.000 ton/year)	Static	9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Southwest	Belgium / Flemish Region		1) Detricon has a EU patent pending of their stripping/scrubbing technology. 2) The cost is 300.000 euro for 3 m³/h stripping/scrubbing and 550.000 euro for 8 m³/h stripping/scrubbing; operational: 0,9-1,2 euro/ton depending on the market value of the produced liquid ammonium nitrate.	DETRICON BVBA https://www.detricon.eu/	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_296 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_295 https://www.detricon.eu/	NUTRIMAN / project completed		IUNG
T3	Anaerobic digestion		Industrial side-streams	Industrial side-streams		Industrial side-streams: food industry by-products	Industrial side-streams: food industry by-products	CMC 6: Food industry by-products	CMC 6: Food industry by-products		20,000t/year	Milk from farmer shareholders is processed to remove milk fat (derived to butter production). • Skimmed milk is used to produce cheese and whey. • Whey proteins are stripped from whey and sold for nutritional ingredients purposes. • The derived waste, whey permeate, is fermented into bioethanol (12 million L/year). • A co-product of said fermentation is stillage waste. This is the feedstock for anaerobic digestion, which produces biogas. • The solid waste from the digester is treated into an organic fertilizer.	Anaerobic digestion is a series of biological process in which micro-organisms break down organic material under oxygen-free conditions. This usually refers to methane fermentation in which the final product is biogas, a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. Anaerobic digestion therefore is a form of fermentation. The recalcitrant part remains and is called digestate. The process takes place in stirred and heated reactors, often with a volume of more than 1,000 m3, and the conversion of solid organic substances into biogas usually takes one month. There are mainly two different methods for digestion shortly, mono- and co-digestion. With mono-digestion, manure (e.g. cattle or pig) is the sole input stream into the digester. Co-digestion is the digestion of both manure in combination with other input streams like crop residues or grass. In both systems, the aim is to produce biogas. Typical composition of biogas is 60% methane (CH4), 35% carbon dioxide (CO2), 5% other gasses, such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), ammonia (NH3) and others. Biogas can be used to produce energy by burning it directly (heat) or in a combined heat and power device (heat and electricity combined). Digestate can be used as fertilizer since it contains nutrients such as N, P and K. Digestion of manure has a positive environmental effect. There are basically two subtypes of digestion (next to the already mentioned main types, co- and mono-digestion): namely wet and dry digestion. Wet digestion means that a big basin with a stirring mechanism (mixing the slurry) is filled with a liquid mixture. Dry digestion is suitable for fibrous/stalky materials, that are difficult to digest in a slurry. An example of a feedstock suitable for dry digestion is grass or straw. Dry digestion is done by an airtight device/container with a sprinkler in the roof. Biomass is placed on the floor and liquid (e.g. manure) is sprayed over the biomass. The liquid seeps through the biomass to the floor, which is permeable for the liquid. In the floor, the liquid is collected.		organic fertilizer	Fuel (bioethanol, biogas), Heat, Electrical power	PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer																15,000t/year	Static/Mobile	9	Yes	Yes	High	Low	EU North	Ireland			https://www.carbery.com/sustainability/ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdU_43VsPnZ312FS3fIwXAw https://ie.linkedin.com/company/carbery-group	https://mainstreambio-digital-toolkit.eu/catalogue_business_model/1689321866692x730440344117356500?lang=en_us&intro=yes&solution=business_models&business=feedstock&repository=audio_visual&tech=biochemical&technology=products&resources=audio_visual	MAINSTREAMBIO / project completed	Carbery’s Ballineen facility, their most significant emitter of carbon emissions, is now fueled with natural gas, of which 4.6% is produced on-site in their anaerobic digester. Sludge from the anaerobic digestion is used as an energy source for the manufacturing plant and provides 9% of the Ballineen site’s steam power. Carbery has also installed reverse osmosis systems to recover and recycle water contained in whey permeate, reducing water waste.	IUNG
T4	High temperature pyrolysis for biotech carrier/adsorber production; Liquid fermentation; Solid state fermentation and formulation; Liquid phase adsorption		Industrial side-streams			Industrial side-streams: food industry by-products	Industrial side-streams: food industrial by-products	CMC 6: Food industry by-products	CMC 6: Food industry by-products			3R developed a specific liquid/solid state fermentation and adsorber integrated technology where the unexploited food industrial WW (acid whey) will be upcycled as a liquid medium during the fermentation process. If required, additional food industrial by-products will also be added. The liquid fermenter (150 L/batch) will be inoculated by a selected agriculturally beneficial microbial strain (Trichoderma spp) or consortia of microbial strains. The obtained microbial biomass will be used for inoculation of the solid fermentation system, where ABC Animal Bone Char adsorber added. The end-product is P/Ca enriched compound BBF in economical, high nutrient density, microbial plant biostimulant and clean irrigation water for horticultural application or other industrial uses.	The objecve of 3R Zero Emission Pyrolysis & Phosphorus Recovery Technology is the added value upgrading and valorisa on of food grade animal by-products into safe and high value recovered organic Phosphorus fertiliser by integrated thermal and Biotechnological recycling means. The ABC (Animal Bone Char) BioPhosphate product is made of different types of food grade animal bone grist, most importantly cale bones, which basic material is already processed at 133 degree Celsius for 20 minutes under 3 bar processing conditions. The high Phosphorous content animal bone grist input feed streams are low value ulized by-products. In the 3R process the bone grist is heated to as high as 850 degree Celsius material core carbonizaon temperature, that is far higher than usual biomass processing temperatures, but absolute needed to get high quality and safe product. During the advanced pyrolysis (reducve thermal processing) all volale and protein based substances are removed from the mineral frame, and a highly macro-porous hydroxyapate (70-76%), CaCO3 (7-13%) and carbon (8-11%) content apate type mineral material produced. The output products are high quality and safe ABC-BioPhosphate and its wide range of BIO-NPK-C bio- formulated variaons used for organic/low input farming and environmental (adsorbent) applicaons.		BIO-NPK- C ; ABC( Animal Bone Char)-BioPhosphate	water	PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer							15.28		31.43							20,800 t/y	Static	9	Yes	Yes	High	Low	EU Central	hungary		no limitations	https://walnutproject.eu/news/revolutionizing-waste-management-in-dairy-industry-the-3r-pilot-plant/	https://biofertilisers.3rbiofarm.com/sites/default/files/attachments/2023-10/3r_biophosphate_fact_sheet.pdf https://biophosphate.net/ https://biophosphate.net/sites/default/files/attachments/2023-07/3r_fact_sheet_2.pdf	WALNUT project completed	REACH certificate number: 01-2119490075-38-0042, Organic cerficated	IUNG
T5	Ammonia water by VP-Hobe process	Technology for N recovery as mineral concentrate, ammonia water and ammonium sulphate from manure/digestate by VP-Hobe manure and digestate valorisation system	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: livestock manure and slurry	Agricultural Biomasses: digestate of cattle manure, pig manure or co-fermentation	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate		The capacity of the technology is scalable: 50.000, 125.000, 250.000 ton input/year	(1) Separation manure in a flotation unit and in a belt filter press to the liquid and solid fraction. (The solid fraction is dried on a belt dryer.) (2) Concentration of the liquid fraction reverse osmosis (RO) process (3) De-watering the RO-concentrate in an evaporator. (4) Removal of ammonia from flowing liquid stream by stripping and concentrated into NH3-water. (5) Futher production of potassium concentrate and ammonium sulphate solution by scrubbing the vapour coming out of the evaporator with sulphuric acid. (6) Cleaning of condensate from the Evaporator/ Stripper/ Scrubber (ESS) unit and RO permeate in the RO water polisher and the ion exchanger (RO-IE) for discharge into surface waters.	The VP-Hobe manure and digestate valorisation system is a robust proven technology operated at own processing plants. Contains the following modules : (1) Solid-Liquid-separation: Separation takes place in a flotation unit and in a belt filter press. The input manure is separated into a solid and a liquid fraction. A flocculant is added. In the flotation system, small air bubbles bring particles to the surface of the tank where it forms a layer of sludge. This layer is scraped off and de-watered in the belt filter press into a solid fraction of 30% dry matter (DM). The solid fraction is dried on a belt dryer to 90% DM. (2) Reverse Osmosis (RO): A RO processes the liquid fraction (1,7% DM) into a retentate concentrated-N/K2O product (3,4% DM) and a permeate product to be processed in the clean water production. (3) Evaporator/ Stripper/ Scrubber (ESS): The RO-concentrate or thin fraction will be further de-watered in an evaporator. The liquid passes through a falling film evaporator with mechanical vapour recompression. Heating the liquid in the evaporator causes water to evaporate. A vacuum lowers the boiling point, less energy is needed than when evaporating at normal atmospheric pressure. The ammonia in the incoming liquid is removed from the product flow by stripping and concentration into NH3-water (14% N). The evaporator further produces a potassium concentrate (25% DM and 6,5% K2O) and ammonium sulphate solution by scrubbing the vapour coming out of the evaporator with sulphuric acid. (4) Clean water production (RO-IE): The condensate from ESS unit and the permeate from the RO is cleaned in the RO water polisher and the ion exchanger (RO-IE) to achieve the right quality for discharge into surface waters. The VP-Hobe process achieves lowest possible operational costs (energy, additives) while produces several fertilizers, e.g. mineral- and potassium-concentrate, NH3-water, Ammonium sulphate, as well as clean dischargeable water. The products are hygienic and free from salmonella and E-coli.		NH3-water (PFC 1(C)), Liquid ammonium sulphate (PFC 1(C)), Liquid mineral concentrate (PFC 3(B)), Liquid K concentrate (PFC 3(A))		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer	PFC 3(B): Inorganic soil improver	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver	NH3-water			14.0											Static	9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Southwest	The Netherlands also Belgium, Germany and other		1) Authority permit not necessary for local distribution. This product is a potential RENURE fertilizer which means that application will no longer be defined as livestock manure in the Nitrates Directive. This means application will no longer be limited to 170 kg N/ha. /The nitrogen in liquid K concentrate product is still considered livestock manure as defined in the Nitrates Directive. 2) The presence of sulfur in the product can be limiting aplication on grass. 3) Geographical area: max 30 kms from processing plant (for liquid ammonium sulfate) or 200 kms area around processing plant (for liquid NK concentrate). 4) Due to the organic origin of the fertilizer, nutrient content may vary change if changes the quality of the inputs (for liquid mineral concentrate).	VP-HoBe http://www.vp-hobe.nl/	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_669 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_1529 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_1527 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_1504 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_1528	NUTRIMAN / project completed		IUNG
T6	Ammonium nitrate/sulphate from raw digestate with "AMFER" stripping process	Technology for N recovery as ammonium nitrate/sulphate from raw digestate with "AMFER" stripping process	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: manure	Agricultural Biomasses: digestate (liquid fraction, pre-treated manure)	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate			no data	Spraying the digestate (or other liquid) into a tank and aerating to remove ammonia from the liquid into the air. Scrubbing the air with acid to produce an ammonium salt (nitrogen fertilizer) - ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate.	The AMFER® technology is designed for the treatment of digestate from manure (co) digestion. Digestate (or other liquids) is sprayed in the tank and aerated to strip the ammonia is removed from the liquid to the air. The air is scrubbed with an acid, to produce the nitrogen fertilizer (an ammonium salt), which can be ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulphate. The produced fertilizer has a nitrogen content of 7% (ammonium sulphate, 35%) or 18% (ammonium nitrate, 52%). The AMFER® nitrogen stripper operates as a batch or semi-continuous system. The AMFER process tank is designed to enable the treatment of thicker and more viscous products, up to 10% DM. Therefore any digestate from biogas plants can be treated in the AMFER, without separation up front. A typical removal efficiency is 50% on mineral nitrogen, although removal of > 85% is also possible. The AMFER is available at any size needed, starting from a 10.000 tons/year digestate. There is from a technological point of view no maximum size. The installation is designed to operate at relative low temperatures, typical waste heat can be reused from biogas plants. In proper maintained conditions there are no emissions to the environment, thus using the AMFER reduces nitrogen emission from manure storages. The AMFER can also be used to control the nitrogen levels in the digester, which is required when feeding nitrogen rich streams. The AMFER process can be used as pasteurisation. Farm-scale installations are containerized.	https://nutriman.net/sites/default/files/2021-07/ID-455-Training%20material.pdf	Liquid ammonium nitrate (AN) or liquid ammonium sulphate (AS)		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer						7									https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_454	from 1 to 500 t/hour	Static	9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Southwest	The Netherlands; EU 27, Africa		1) These fertilizer products are currently prior to market introduction (TRL 8). These recovered nitrogen products are expected to be listed as ‘mineral fertilizer’ from 2021 for the whole EU. 2) Capital expense (CAPEX): EUR 350.000 for the 10.000 tons/year. Operational expense (OPEX): EUR 50.000/year. 3) The company Colsen owns the IP rights for the AMFER.	Colsen https://www.colsen.nl/	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_455 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_454	NUTRIMAN / project completed	Colsen is an innovative company, having been working on innovative solutions in the field of water, energy and the environment for 30 years such as: water purification, manure processing, N-recovery, P-recovery with struvite, digestate treatment, nitrogen stripping. The company has implemented its technologies, among others, in the Netherlands, Spain, South Africa, Italy and Poland. There is no information about fertilizer products.	IUNG
T7	Ammonium sulphate from digestate by "Biogas Bree" process	Summary: Technology for N recovery as dried digestate and ammonium sulphate from solid fraction digestate with "Biogas Bree" chemical scrubbing of exhaust air during drying process	Agricultural Biomasses	Municipal Biowaste		Agricultural Biomasses: animal manure, energy maize Municipal Biowaste: organic waste	Agricultural Biomasses: digestate (solid and liquid fraction) Municipal Biowaste: digestate (solid and liquid fraction)	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC		85.000 tonnes of biomass per year	(1) Post-digestion separation of the solid and liquid fractions and drying of the solid fraction. (2) Capturing ammonia from the exhaust air (from the drying process) by a chemical air scrubber.(3) In the chemical scrubber, sulfuric acid is added to the wash water to remove ammonia from the exhaust air. (4) The acidic wash water (flowing continuously over the filter package) reacts with ammonia in the air - salt (ammonium sulfate) is formed. (5) Wash water saturated with ammonium sulfate is drained from the system - creating space for new water and acid.	Technological elements of the recuperation proces at Biogas Bree site are: belt dryer/fluidized bed dryer, chemical air scrubbe, silo for ammonium sulphate. Post-digestion of the manure-input line consists of separating in a solid and liquid fraction and submission to a drying process solid fraction (with heat from a biogas fueled CHP) in a belt dryer. The end product of the co-digestion and drying of the digestate is dried digestate and exhaust air. This exhaust air is saturated with ammonia which is being captured by a chemical air scrubber. In a chemical scrubber, acid is added to the washing water to remove the ammonia and a part of the odour compounds from the exhaust air. Water, acidified with sulphuric acid (96 % or 98 %), flows continuously over the filter package. This humidifies the filter. The acidic washing water reacts with the ammonia in the air. A salt (ammonium sulphate) is formed. That salt remains in the washing water which means that the outgoing air contains less ammonia. Per kilogram recuperated ammonia 1,5 litres of sulphuric acid is needed. When the washing water is saturated with ammonium sulphate it is discharged - making room for new water and acid to form new washing water. About 30 litres of ammonium sulphate is produced/discharged per kilogram of ammonia that is recuperated from the exhaust air. The specific model Biogas Bree handles is a modified scrubber using the ammonium sulphate solution as a first-step dust washer. Ammonia sulphate has no physical impurities and is free of pathogens, insect larvae and weed seeds, may have a relatively low pH. It is a closed process implying no further emissions occur. As it removes the ammonium the NH3 emission for the digestate or manure is indeed negligible. This technology offers solutions for intensive husbandry and manure/substrate drying in any EU region.		Liquid ammonia sulphate	energy in the form of biogas, digestate	PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer						8.0					10.0					700-900 t/y ammonium sulphate; 5.000 t/y solid fraction; 45.000 t/y liquid fraction digestate; 1.500 t/y dried digestate	Static	9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Southwest	Belgium / Flanders - Flemish Region; EU 27		1) At least an environmental license/permit for installing this technology will have to be asked & obtained from the local authorities. This legislation and authority depends on the specific EU region. For example in Flanders an ‘omgevingsvergunning’ will be required from the Department of Environment, taking into account BAT (best available technologies) guidelines and recommendations of other advisory bodies. One important requirement for obtaining the permit (for chemical air scrubber) is the ammonia removal of min 70% from the exhaust air. 2) CAPEX: Dryer 1.200.000 € - Chemical air scrubber 120.000 € - Biobed 100 000 € - Silo ammonium sulphate 10.000 €. Totalling: 7€ cost/ton (waste) (economic industrial scale). 3) In Flanders these ammonia fertilisers require no certification, derogation, nor manure transport documents. In Holland also they can, conditionally, be traded as mineral fertilisers. On a European level the Nitrates Directive defines this product as animal manure and not as mineral N fertiliser yet. Therefore the product has to fulfil requirements of animal manure. A European project Safemanure is ongoing to attempt validation EU-wide as a mineral fertiliser - information from 2021, to be clarified.	Biogas Bree BV https://biogasbree.be/	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_273 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_274	NUTRIMAN / project completed		IUNG
T8	Ammonium sulphate by VP-Hobe process	Technology for N recovery as mineral concentrate, ammonia water and ammonium sulphate from manure/digestate by VP-Hobe manure and digestate valorisation system	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: livestock manure and slurry	Agricultural Biomasses: digestate of cattle manure, pig manure or co-fermentation	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate		The capacity of the technology is scalable: 50.000, 125.000, 250.000 ton input/year	(1) Separation manure in a flotation unit and in a belt filter press to the liquid and solid fraction. (The solid fraction is dried on a belt dryer.) (2) Concentration of the liquid fraction reverse osmosis (RO) process (3) De-watering the RO-concentrate in an evaporator. (4) Removal of ammonia from flowing liquid stream by stripping and concentrated into NH3-water. (5) Futher production of potassium concentrate and ammonium sulphate solution by scrubbing the vapour coming out of the evaporator with sulphuric acid. (6) Cleaning of condensate from the Evaporator/ Stripper/ Scrubber (ESS) unit and RO permeate in the RO water polisher and the ion exchanger (RO-IE) for discharge into surface waters.	The VP-Hobe manure and digestate valorisation system is a robust proven technology operated at own processing plants. Contains the following modules : (1) Solid-Liquid-separation: Separation takes place in a flotation unit and in a belt filter press. The input manure is separated into a solid and a liquid fraction. A flocculant is added. In the flotation system, small air bubbles bring particles to the surface of the tank where it forms a layer of sludge. This layer is scraped off and de-watered in the belt filter press into a solid fraction of 30% dry matter (DM). The solid fraction is dried on a belt dryer to 90% DM. (2) Reverse Osmosis (RO): A RO processes the liquid fraction (1,7% DM) into a retentate concentrated-N/K2O product (3,4% DM) and a permeate product to be processed in the clean water production. (3) Evaporator/ Stripper/ Scrubber (ESS): The RO-concentrate or thin fraction will be further de-watered in an evaporator. The liquid passes through a falling film evaporator with mechanical vapour recompression. Heating the liquid in the evaporator causes water to evaporate. A vacuum lowers the boiling point, less energy is needed than when evaporating at normal atmospheric pressure. The ammonia in the incoming liquid is removed from the product flow by stripping and concentration into NH3-water (14% N). The evaporator further produces a potassium concentrate (25% DM and 6,5% K2O) and ammonium sulphate solution by scrubbing the vapour coming out of the evaporator with sulphuric acid. (4) Clean water production (RO-IE): The condensate from ESS unit and the permeate from the RO is cleaned in the RO water polisher and the ion exchanger (RO-IE) to achieve the right quality for discharge into surface waters. The VP-Hobe process achieves lowest possible operational costs (energy, additives) while produces several fertilizers, e.g. mineral- and potassium-concentrate, NH3-water, Ammonium sulphate, as well as clean dischargeable water. The products are hygienic and free from salmonella and E-coli.		Liquid ammonium sulphate (PFC 1(C)), NH3-water (PFC 1(C)), Liquid mineral concentrate (PFC 3(B)), Liquid K concentrate (PFC 3(A))		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer	PFC 3(B): Inorganic soil improver	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver	Liquid ammonium sulphate	3.4		7.0					7.9						Static	9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Southwest	The Netherlands also Belgium, Germany and other		1) Authority permit not necessary for local distribution. This product is a potential RENURE fertilizer which means that application will no longer be defined as livestock manure in the Nitrates Directive. This means application will no longer be limited to 170 kg N/ha. /The nitrogen in product liquid K concentrate is still considered livestock manure as defined in the Nitrates Directive. 2) The presence of sulfur in the product can be limiting aplication on grass. 3) Geographical area: max 30 kms from processing plant (for liquid ammonium sulfate) or 200 kms area around processing plant (for liquid NK concentrate). 4) Due to the organic origin of the fertilizer, nutrient content may vary change if changes the quality of the inputs (for liquid mineral concentrate).	VP-HoBe http://www.vp-hobe.nl/	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_669 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_1529 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_1527 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_1504 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_1528	NUTRIMAN / project completed		IUNG
T9	Liquid ammonium sulphate or ammonium nitrate from digestate or slurries by "Circular Values" process	Technology for N recovery as liquid ammonium sulphate or ammonium nitrate starting from separated liquid slurry with "Circular Values" stripping and scrubbing process with H2SO4 or HNO3	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: manure slurry	Agricultural Biomasses: digestate	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate		Static units are profitable when the farmer has production of 4000 kg N and more (>1000 tons manure/digestate). For lower than 4000 kg a mobile solution can fit.	(1) Separation of the liquid fraction from the slurry or digestate for further treatment, (2) NH3 stripping and mineral nitrogen gasification by blowing air through the liquid fraction of the slurry or digestate while simultaneously increasing the temperature or pH, (3) washing the NH3-filled air with acidified water (HNO3 or H2SO4) (scrubbing) to re-capture ammonium in liquid form (ammonium sulfate with H2SO4 or ammonium nitrate with HNO3).	This technology offers an extraction of nitrogen from a variety of possible waste streams (liquid slurries, liquid fraction digestate, discharged water,..). First the slurry, digestate or discharged water is separated for further treatment of the liquid fraction. Then the stripping is performed by blowing air through the liquid fraction of the slurry or digestate while increasing temperature or pH (e.g. with CaOH) which will gasify the mineral nitrogen (NH3). Afterwards the NH3-filled air will be washed with acidified (HNO3 or H2SO4) water (scrubbing) to capture the ammonium again in liquid form (ammonium sulfate from H2SO4 or ammonium nitrate from HNO3). Both cold and hot stripping (10-70 degrees Celsius) are possible. The process can be remotely monitored and controlled. The recovery capacity is up to 85% of the ammonium-N from the slurry or digestate. Furthermore, since it is a closed process no further emissions occur. As it removes the ammonium the NH3 emission for the digestate or manure is reduced. This process produces a nitrogen fertilizer free from pathogens, insect larvae and weed seeds.	https://nutriman.net/sites/default/files/2020-02/265_INFO%20SHEET-TECHNOLOGY_Circular%20Values.pdf	Liquid ammonium sulphate or liquid ammonium nitrate		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer			Liquid ammonium sulphate			≥7.0					7				https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_266		Static/Mobile	9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Southwest	The Netherlands		1) In Flanders these ammonia fertilisers require no certification, derogation, nor manure transport documents. In Holland they can, conditionally, be traded as mineral fertilisers. On a European level the Nitrates Directive defines this product as animal manure and not as mineral N fertiliser yet. Therefore the product has to fulfil requirements of animal manure. A European project Safemanure is ongoing to attempt validation EU-wide as a mineral fertiliser. 2) This technology is for intensive husbandry in any EU region. 3) Farmlevel solution or mobile unit for several farmers in the area. 4) Static units can be profitable when the farmer has production of 4000 kg N and more (>1000 tons manure/digestate), for lower than 4000 kg a mobile solution can fit. 5) At least an environmental license/permit for installing this technology will have to be obtained from the local authorities. This legislation and authority depends on the specific EU region. For example in Flanders an ‘omgevingsvergunning’ will be required from the Department of Environment, taking into account BAT (best available technologies) guidelines and recommendations of other advisory bodies. 6) Capital Expenditure for economical industrial scale: 100 000-265 000€.	Circular Values Industries https://circularvalues.eu/	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_265 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_266	NUTRIMAN / project completed		IUNG
T10	Liquid ammonium sulphate or ammonium nitrate from digestate or slurries by "Circular Values" process	Technology for N recovery as liquid ammonium sulphate or ammonium nitrate starting from separated liquid slurry with "Circular Values" stripping and scrubbing process with H2SO4 or HNO3	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: manure slurry	Agricultural Biomasses: digestate	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate		Static units are profitable when the farmer has production of 4000 kg N and more (>1000 tons manure/digestate). For lower than 4000 kg a mobile solution can fit.	(1) Separation of the liquid fraction from the slurry or digestate for further treatment, (2) NH3 stripping and mineral nitrogen gasification by blowing air through the liquid fraction of the slurry or digestate while simultaneously increasing the temperature or pH, (3) washing the NH3-filled air with acidified water (HNO3 or H2SO4) (scrubbing) to re-capture ammonium in liquid form (ammonium sulfate with H2SO4 or ammonium nitrate with HNO3).	This technology offers an extraction of nitrogen from a variety of possible waste streams (liquid slurries, liquid fraction digestate, discharged water,..). First the slurry, digestate or discharged water is separated for further treatment of the liquid fraction. Then the stripping is performed by blowing air through the liquid fraction of the slurry or digestate while increasing temperature or pH (e.g. with CaOH) which will gasify the mineral nitrogen (NH3). Afterwards the NH3-filled air will be washed with acidified (HNO3 or H2SO4) water (scrubbing) to capture the ammonium again in liquid form (ammonium sulfate from H2SO4 or ammonium nitrate from HNO3). Both cold and hot stripping (10-70 degrees Celsius) are possible. The process can be remotely monitored and controlled. The recovery capacity is up to 85% of the ammonium-N from the slurry or digestate. Furthermore, since it is a closed process no further emissions occur. As it removes the ammonium the NH3 emission for the digestate or manure is reduced. This process produces a nitrogen fertilizer free from pathogens, insect larvae and weed seeds.	https://nutriman.net/sites/default/files/2020-02/265_INFO%20SHEET-TECHNOLOGY_Circular%20Values.pdf	Liquid ammonium sulphate or liquid ammonium nitrate		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer			Liquid ammonium nitrate			≤ 18.0									https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_266		Static/Mobile	9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Southwest	The Netherlands		1) In Flanders these ammonia fertilisers require no certification, derogation, nor manure transport documents. In Holland they can, conditionally, be traded as mineral fertilisers. On a European level the Nitrates Directive defines this product as animal manure and not as mineral N fertiliser yet. Therefore the product has to fulfil requirements of animal manure. A European project Safemanure is ongoing to attempt validation EU-wide as a mineral fertiliser. 2) This technology is for intensive husbandry in any EU region. 3) Farmlevel solution or mobile unit for several farmers in the area. 4) Static units can be profitable when the farmer has production of 4000 kg N and more (>1000 tons manure/digestate), for lower than 4000 kg a mobile solution can fit. 5) At least an environmental license/permit for installing this technology will have to be obtained from the local authorities. This legislation and authority depends on the specific EU region. For example in Flanders an ‘omgevingsvergunning’ will be required from the Department of Environment, taking into account BAT (best available technologies) guidelines and recommendations of other advisory bodies. 6) Capital Expenditure for economical industrial scale: 100.000-265.000€.	Circular Values Industries https://circularvalues.eu/	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_265 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_266	NUTRIMAN / project completed		IUNG
T11	PK fertilizer from the ash of poultry manure with "BMC Moerdijk" thermochemical process	Technology for P recovery as PK fertilizer from the ash of poultry manure with "BMC Moerdijk" thermochemical process	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: poultry manure	Agricultural Biomasses: ash from poultry manure	CMC 13: Thermal oxidation materials and their derivatives			430.000 t/year	Burning poultry manure/poultry litter; hydrated ash of incinerated poultry manure; powder could be milled and pelletized/granulated in further preparation steps.	BMC Moerdijk thermochemical process is a mono incineration process with poultry manure/poultry litter, witch aims to recover nutrients and to convert poultry manure into a more concentrate inorganic fertilizer. The PK fertilizer is derived from hydrated ash of incinerated poultry manure. After the process, powder (ash) could be milled and pelletized/granulated in further preparation steps if desired. The fertiliser has a neutralizing value due to the presence of hydrated burnt lime.The product has a low content of contaminants, e.g. heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb), no organic compounds and is free of pathogens.	no data	Ash from poultry manure	Electricity (292 MWh gross)	PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer							4.37	10	14.29	3.01	2.8				https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_399	57.000 t/year	Static	9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Southwest	The Netherlands, EU 27		1) The construction of the power plant is subjected to regional regulations for construction law and the immission protection law.	BMC Moerdijk BV https://www.bmcmoerdijk.nl/nl/	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_399 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_401	NUTRIMAN / project completed		IUNG
T12	Technology for P recovery as PK fertilizer from the ash from olive stones and the pomace pulp with B-Ferst project technology	Technology for P recovery as PK fertilizer from the ash from olive stones and the pomace pulp	Agricultural Biomasses			agricultural processing residues	ash from biomass combustion	CMC 2: Plants, plant parts or plant extracts				Thermal decomposition, granulation			M-BBx-0		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer																		6	Yes	Not known	High		EU Southwest	Spain				https://bferst.eu/project/	B-Ferst		IUNG
T13	Technology for P recovery as organo mineral fertilizer with microbiological coating by B-Ferst project technology		Agricultural Biomasses			agricultural processing residues	composted crop residues	CMC 2: Plants, plant parts or plant extracts				composting plant residues, granulation, coating with biodegradable coating agent			OM-0-MPBx		PFC 1(B) Organo-mineral fertilizer				8.1 - 9.6														6	Yes	Not known	High		EU Southeast	Spain			FERTIBERIA CORPORATE SL (Madrid, Spain)	https://bferst.eu/project/	B-Ferst		IUNG
T14	Anaerobic digestion		Municipal Biowaste	Agricultural Biomasses	Municipal Biowaste	Municipal Biowste	Municipal Biowaste	CMC 6: Food industry by-products			5,000 tonne dry matter/year	Anaerobic digestion to convert spent mushroom substrate and other agri-food wastes into biogas. Besides electricity, they also obtain solid and liquid fertilizers.	After harvesting the oyster mushroom fruiting bodies, spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is transported into the biogas plant and mixed with other residues (poultry manure, marc, expired food, oil based mud, etc.). 110 m3 biogas can be produced per tonne of input material (dry matter content: 50-60%). The plant can process maximum 10 thousand tonnes of biomass per year, 1-1,2 million m3 biogas is produced per year from this amount of biomass. Biogas is converted into electrical energy (2,000-2,400 MWh/year) by burning it in a gas engine CHP (combined heat and power). Biogas digestate, the by-product of the anaerobic digestion process is separated: the solid phase (containing 3 w % nitrogen) is used as biofertilizer by local farmers and the liquid phase is stored in an open digestate storage pond A part of this liquid material is used for wetting the input material of the biogas plant and the rest is placed on agricultural fields as a liquid biofertilizer.		Pilze Nagy solid and liquid fertiliser		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver					3							50-60			10000t/year	Static	9	Yes	No	High	Medium	EU Central	Hungary			http://pleurotus.hu/biogas Power4Bio Catalogue – Pilze-Nagy factsheet	Business Model - MainstreamBIO Digital Toolkit	MAINSTREAMBIO / project completed		IUNG
T15	Aerobic conversion		Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: broiler farm manure	Industrial side-streams: The ashes of incinerated dead poultry	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC	CMC 2: Plants, plant parts or plant extracts			Feedstock streams (dead poultry and broiler farm manure) are collected from the farms by dedicated personnel and transported by special vehicles to the company’s treatment plants. The ashes of incinerated dead poultry are combined with broiler farm manure and other organic wastes. The mix undergoes aerobic digestion, becoming stable, high-quality, and safe to use as recyclable organic and biological solid fertilizer. An aerobic conversion process relies on microorganisms that thrive under aerobic conditions i.e. where plenty of oxygen is available and a sufficient amount of feedstock is present. An example is composting which is a microbiological process in which heterogeneous organic material is oxidised and broken down into compost, CO2, H2O and heat in a set-up where air passes through a heap (pile, mound) of porous, solid material. Although composting can occur spontaneously in the field (for example in mown verge grass), the process referred to here is controlled composting. It is often carried out with forced ventilation (through a ventilator) in a container, hall or in the open air. The aim of composting is to produce a final product that is stable, free of pathogens and germinable weed seeds. The composting process proceeds through three phases: i) mesophilic 10-45°C, ii) thermophilic 45-70°C and iii) maturation (curing). As composting is a kind of biological combustion process, heat is emitted which can also be used. The heat also causes water to evaporate and the material becomes drier, and many pathogens and seeds of weeds are exterminated due to the high temperature (70°C). The process takes a few weeks.			AGROSYN	water vapor	PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			70-80		4.6	1.31-2.18	3.33-5	2.14-2.86	0.9					https://www.agromarket-hellas.gr/en/c/Granular_Fertilizers-897/Agromarket-Hellas-Kolovos-1/AGROSYN_MANURE_25kg-1312			9	Yes	No	Low	Low	EU Southeast	Greece			https://www.pindos-apsi.gr/ https://www.facebook.com/agrosynmegara/?locale=nb_NO	https://www.pindos-apsi.gr/ https://www.facebook.com/agrosynmegara/?locale=nb_NO	MAINSTREAM BIO/ project completed		IUNG
T16	Aerobic conversion		Manure from goat and sheep.			Agricultural Biomasses	Agricultural Biomasses	Agricultural Biomasses				Manure from goat and sheep husbandry is fed into an aerobic digestor. The organic matter is subjected to high temperatures (> 70ºC). The obtained liquid fertilizer undergoes several quality controls to confirm it complies with the quality standards before being commercialized. An example is composting which is a microbiological process in which heterogeneous organic material is oxidised and broken down into compost, CO2, H2O and heat in a set-up where air passes through a heap (pile, mound) of porous, solid material. Although composting can occur spontaneously in the field (for example in mown verge grass), the process referred to here is controlled composting. It is often carried out with forced ventilation (through a ventilator) in a container, hall, or open air. Composting aims to produce a stable final product, free of pathogens and germinable weed seeds. The composting process proceeds through three phases: i) mesophilic 10-45°C, ii) thermophilic 45-70°C and iii) maturation (curing). As composting is a kind of biological combustion process, heat is emitted, which can also be used. The heat also causes water to evaporate and the material becomes drier, and many pathogens and seeds of weeds are exterminated due to the high temperature (70°C). The process takes a few weeks.			PEDRIN (Producto Líquido Natural Pedrín)		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer	PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer			70	4.1	2.5		2.92						1000	https://organicospedrin.com/producto-liquido-natural-pedrin/			9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Southeast	Spain			https://organicospedrin.com/producto-liquido-natural-pedrin/ https://www.facebook.com/OrganicosPedrinSL/?locale=es_LA	https://mainstreambio-digital-toolkit.eu/catalogue_business_model/1689318638565x381442550259800600?lang=en_us&intro=yes&solution=business_models&business=tech&repository=audio_visual&tech=biochemical&technology=feedstock	MAINSTREAM BIO/ project completed		IUNG
T17	Insect-based bioconversation	Insect-based bioconversion also known as insect farming is based on the selection of insect species e.g. Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae, house fly maggots, mealworms, and grasshoppers-crickets and different rearing substrates. The main benefits of this conversion process are reduction of waste by producing high quality protein (mainly for animal feed) and the extraction of products such as oil, natural fertilizer and chitin. Black soldier fly larvae are grown in crates on rack cupboards and fed with agricultural and food residue streams. Technology is simply scalable to the amounts of vegetable residue streams available, whether smaller or larger quantities. Larvae are harvested, dried & used as feed (when grown on GMP+ food safety assured side streams) or further refined to a protein rich fraction and lipids. Larvae and protein fraction contain essential amino acids which are low in feeds produced from plants. During harvesting the insects are sieved out of their remaining feed medium, the fine fraction (left-overs, debris, etc.) is sold as fertilizer (compost). Also the substrate residue (skins of worms) remaining after pressing of the worms can be used as fertilizer.	Agricultural Biomasses	Industrial side-streams		Agricultural Biomasses: agricultural processing residues	Industrial side-streams: food industry by-products	CMC 2: Plants, plant parts or plant extracts	CMC 6: Food industry by-products			Black soldier fly is grown and produced in crates on rack cupboards and fed with agricultural and food residue streams. Technology is simply scalable to the amounts of vegetable residue streams available, whether smaller or larger quantities. Larvae are harvested, dried & used as feed (when grown on GMP + side streams) or further refined to a protein-rich fraction and lipids. Larvae and protein fraction contain essential amino acids that are low in plant feeds. During harvesting the insects are sieved out of their remaining feed medium, and the fine fraction (left-overs, debris, etc.) is sold as fertilizer (compost). Also, the substrate residue (skins of worms) remaining after pressing the worms can be used as fertilizer.	Agri-food residues are revalorised into feed and fertilizers by insect bioconversion.		Bestico Insect Frass - organic fertilizer	Fuel (bioethanol, biogas), Heat, Electrical power	PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer					45	4	3	2.1	0.3	0.7					https://shop.mobiusfarms.com/products/insect-frass	400-600t/year	Static/Mobile	8	Yes	Yes	Medium	Low	EU Southwest	Netherlands			https://biocycleindo.com/products/fertilizer/ https://www.bestico.eu/products https://www.tokopedia.com/palestari/pupuk-kandang-bestico-insect-frass-40kg-murah	https://mainstreambio-digital-toolkit.eu/catalogue_business_model/1689323287114x994799025823664500?lang=en_us&intro=yes&solution=business_models&business=tech&repository=audio_visual&tech=biochemical&technology=feedstock&resources=audio_visual	MAINSTREAMBIO / project completed	Bestico Insect Frass is a premium organic fertilizer produced through the cultivation of Black Soldier Flies. This product harnesses the by-products of fly cultivation to create high-quality organic fertilizer that benefits your plants.	IUNG
T18	Anaerobic digestion - Biogas plant manufacturer - falily company	HoSt - solutions for biogas technology	Agricultural Biomasses	Agricultural Biomasses		Agricultural Biomasses : Fresh cattle manure	Agricultural Biomasses : Sewage sludges, poultry manure, grass, cereal straw, agricultural residues	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC	CMC 2: Plants, plant parts or plant extracts			The manure is anaerobically digested in the digester and converted into biogas (57 % v/ v CH4). In the biogas upgrading system, it is upgraded to biomethane (green gas or renewable gas, 89 % v/v CH4). Subsequently, the product gas with natural gas quality is fed directly into the natural gas network. In order to reduce the production costs, the company generates its own electrical energy and sells the surplus energy. One of the by-products of the process is biogas digestate. This material, being rich in nitrogen, is used as fertilizer by local farmers. Other Input Materials are heat and power.	Anaerobic digestion is a series of biological process in which micro-organisms break down organic material under oxygen-free conditions. This usually refers to methane fermentation in which the final product is biogas, a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. Anaerobic digestion therefore is a form of fermentation. The recalcitrant part remains and is called digestate. The process takes place in stirred and heated reactors, often with a volume of more than 1,000 m3, and the conversion of solid organic substances into biogas usually takes one month. There are basically two subtypes of digestion (next to the already mentioned main types, co- and mono-digestion): namely wet and dry digestion. Wet digestion means that a big basin with a stirring mechanism (mixing the slurry) is filled with a liquid mixture. Dry digestion is suitable for fibrous/stalky materials, that are difficult to digest in a slurry. An example of a feedstock suitable for dry digestion is grass or straw.		digestate fertilizer	biomethane	PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver																	9	Yes	No	Medium	Low	EU Southwest	The Netherlands			https://www.host-bioenergy.com/solutions/biogas-plants/organic-waste-manure-biogas-plants/	https://mainstreambio-digital-toolkit.eu/catalogue_business_model/1689319184228x587201994388951000?lang=en_us&intro=yes&solution=business_models&business=tech&repository=audio_visual&tech=biochemical&technology=feedstock	MAINSTREAM BIO / project completed		IUNG
T19	Biobased fertilizers (BBF) obtained by thermomechanical-chemical (TMC) fractionation	Thermomechanochemical fractionation of fish by products by twin-screw extrusion for the production of biobased fertilizers (BBF)	Blue Biomasses			Blue Biomasses: fish by-products (viscera, bones, flesh, heads)		CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC				The process scheme includes the following technological units: (i) grinding, (ii) continuous TMC fractionation by twin-screw extrusion / enzymatic hydrolysis, (iii) downstream processing (separation , concentration).	Thermomechanochemical (TMC) fractionation by twin-screw extrusion is a versatile and compact process, working at low liquid/solid ratios and able to provide simultaneously solid and liquid fractions. The use of TMC process for fertilizers production from fish by-products is an innovative approach which makes it possible to recover not only fertilizers (proteic fractions) but also highly valuable lipids to reach a Zero-waste process. The process scheme includes the following technological units: (i) grinding technologies, (ii) continuous TMC fractionation by twin-screw extrusion / enzymatic hydrolysis, (iii) downstream processing (separation technologies, concentration). Trials were achieved using an Evolum HT53 (Clextral) at a feeding rate of 150-200 kg/hr in by-product i.e. heads and fishbones from Steelhead truit. Working at 200 kg/h (65 kg/hr DM), the complete process provides 89 kg/hr solid BBF (25 kg/h DM ; 57% Proteins/DM), 129 kg/hr aqueous proteic hydrolysate (16 kg/h DM ; 61% Proteins/DM) and 24 kg/hr lipids.		Solid biobased fertilizers (BBF), aqueous proteic hydrolysate, lipids																		Working at 200 kg/h (65 kg/hr DM), the complete process provides 89 kg/hr solid BBF (25 kg/h DM ; 57% Proteins/DM), 129 kg/hr aqueous proteic hydrolysate (16 kg/h DM ; 61% Proteins/DM) and 24 kg/hr lipids.	Static	5	No	Not known	High	Medium	EU Southwest	France		1) SWOT analysis– Atlantic sea https://sea2landproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/SEA2LAND_9.4-Practice-Abstracts-M18.pdf (p. 29)	CATAR, Centre Régional d’Innovation et de Transfert de Technologies Agroressources https://catar.critt.net/le-catar/	https://sea2landproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/SEA2LAND_9.4-Practice-Abstracts-M18.pdf (p. 63-65) https://sea2landproject.eu/the-atlantic-area/	SEA2LAND / project completed		IUNG
T20	Anaerobic digestion		Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses : livestock manure, agricultural residues and slaughterhouse waste	Agricultural Biomasses	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC				Anaerobic digestion to convert livestock manure, agricultural residues and slaughterhouse waste into biogas for electricity and heat production. A portion is converted into biofuel for transport. Coupled to waste reduction, there is environmentally friendly produced biogas, electricity and heat that replace commercial fuels. Moreover, use of commercial fossil-dependent fertilizers is reduced by applying the produced biofertilizer.	Manure, agricultural and slaughter waste are collected from surrounding producers. All feedstock is derived to an anaerobic digester to produce biogas at BBAB (Biogas Brålanda AB). Part of said biogas is converted into biofuel (biomethane). GBAB (Grönt Brånsle i Sverige AB) distributes and sells a portion of biogas for private and public traffic in Trollhättan. The remaining biogas is converted into electricity and heat.		Bio fertylizer	Energy, Heat, Biofuel	PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer																	Static	9	Yes	Not known	High		EU North	Sweden			https://biogasbralanda.se/	mainstreambio-digital-toolkit.eu/catalogue_business_model/1689321099241x772615588752109300?lang=en_us&intro=yes&solution=business_models&business=tech&repository=audio_visual&tech=biochemical&technology=feedstock	MAINSTREAMBIO / project completed		IUNG
T21	Biorefinery using the leftovers from seafood (mollusc and fish)	Producing advanced bio-based fertilisers (BBF) from fisheries wastes by enzymatic hydrolysis, chemical extraction, composting and pyrolysis	Blue Biomasses			Blue Biomasses: fish and shellfish by-products wastes from the processing of mollusc/mussels ( hard fraction - shells) and fish wastes (soft fraction - viscera, bones, heads, etc.)	Blue Biomasses: compost, hydrolyzed waste, biochar	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC				Valorise the different fractions from seafood processing industries by wet separation, enzymatic hydrolysis, chemical extraction, composting and pyrolysis .	Mollusc waste management requires a first of all separation step to split hard (shells) and soft/organic fraction (e.g. adding water and then using a shredding pump before separating them by gravity). Once dried and milled, shells could be used as a soil liming agent. Due to high protein content in the organic fraction of mollusc and fish waste, protein hydrolysates (FPH) are obtained through enzymatic hydrolysis carried out in a 100-L pilot reactor, followed by centrifugation to separate the raw FPH from the solid residue (bones, not hydrolysed substrate, etc) and by evaporation to concentrate the liquid stream. FPH could be used as a biostimulant for the agriculture sector or as high-quality N-fertiliser in combination with chitin that is previously extracted from crustacean shell. The solid organic residue could be further valorised by composting and/or pyrolysis. The addition of biochar to the compost substrate increases the composting efficiency by accelerating organic waste decomposition, reducing air pollution and GHG emission, and allows to obtain a value-added product (biochar-compost blend). Active composting is performed in an adiabatic cylindrical reactor (operating volume of 100 L) with forced aeration. Maturation phase follows in a static reactor with manual turning and final sieving is performed to obtain a mature biochar-compost composite.	https://sea2landproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/SEA2LAND_9.4-Practice-Abstracts-M18.pdf (p.47)	Organic N-fertiliser (protein hydrolysates with chitin) (PFC 1(A)), biochar-compost composite (PFC 3(A), soil liming agent for acidic soil (PFC 2)		PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver	PFC 2 Liming material	PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer															Static	5	No	Not known	High	Medium	EU Southwest	Italy		1) SWOT analysis - Adriatic sea https://sea2landproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/SEA2LAND_9.4-Practice-Abstracts-M18.pdf (p. 27, 39) 2) all side streams must meet the condition of being waste (Regulation 2008/98/CE) and shall constitute part of a fertiliser productcompliant Regulation 2019/1009	UNIVPM - UNIVERSITÀ POLITECNICA DELLE MARCHE https://www.univpm.it/Entra/	https://sea2landproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/SEA2LAND_9.4-Practice-Abstracts-M18.pdf (p. 45-51) https://wweelab.simau.univpm.it/sea2land https://sea2landproject.eu/the-adriatic-sea-case/	SEA2LAND / project completed		IUNG
T22	Compost from green waste and digested mixed-waste by "ACEA Pinerolese" process	Technology for N&P recovery as compost starting from green waste and pre-digested mixed waste with "ACEA Pinerolese" anaerobic digestion and composting process	Municipal Biowaste			Municipal Biowaste (municipal organic wastes)	Municipal Biowaste: digestate (de-hydrated effluent from the anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste, green residue from separate urban collection and dehydrated effluent from the wastewater treatment plant)	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate		60 000 t/year of organic waste 20 000 t/year of green waste (the composting plant)	volumetric reductions and mechanical selections, diluting in water and preheating, the biological anaerobic digestion, handling of biomass, the extraction of the digestat bottom of the digester by gravity mixing, dehydrateing digestat, aerobic composting	Basis of the the process is an anaerobic biodigestion, which allows for obtaining two important resources: digestate for the production of quality compost and biogas, from which thermal and electric energy derives. The organic waste undergoes, in the first of all, a series of volumetric reductions and mechanical selections. The purified stream (without undesirable fractions - plastic and metals) is trasnferred to intermediate tanks, where the material is diluted in water and the material is preheated. After the preparation phase, the stream is pumped into the digesters, where the main phase of the process takes place: the biological anaerobic digestion. The process involves constant handling of biomass. The extraction of the sludge takes place from the conical bottom of the digester, by gravity mixing. Digested organic waste (digestate) it is dehydrated and then sent to the neighboring composting system. The biogas obtained from fermentation it is conveyed to a gasometer and temporarily stored. The water used in the process is partly recirculated, while the remaining portion is sent to the wastewater treatment plant. In the aerobic composting process, quality Floraviva compos is produced, the production of which uses de-hydrated digestate from the anaerobic digestion, of green residues from separate urban collection and dehydrated effluents from the wastewater treatment plant.	https://nutriman.net/sites/default/files/2019-10/Acea_florawiva_technology_1.PNG	Florawiva (compost)	biogas - thermal and electrical energy (3 engines Otto cycle - the total nominal power is 3 MW) waste water	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver					31.1	2.4	1	1.08					24				Static	9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Southwest	Italy / province of Turin; UE 27		1) organic waste disposal, serving approximately 1 million inhabitants 2) the ACEA system consists of physical and logistical integration of several plants where each phase of purification is closely related to the next one (waste treatment, composting plant, landfill, sewage treatment plant) 3) ACEA process patented in 2002	ACEA Pinerolese Industriale S.p.A. https://ambiente.aceapinerolese.it/	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_209 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_210	NUTRIMAN / project completed		IUNG
T23	Compost from green waste and food wastes by "Biociclo" process	Technology for N&P recovery as compost starting from sludge, green waste and food residues with "BIOCICLO" aerobic digestion process	Municipal Biowaste			Municipal Biowaste: household food waste, restaurant food waste, green landscape waste (biowaste, food waste, green waste) (agro-industrial sludge, concentrated sewage, sewage sludge, wood waste)		CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC			46.000 - 69.000 t/year	(1) Pre-treatment of the different waste fraction and mixing together in appropriate proportions. (2) Aerobic treatment / decomposition of waste (heaps) with a forced ventilation system. (3) Maturation in aerated boxes with a forced ventilation system. (4) Stabilization (curing ) phase - compost maturation in heaps.	The process of production is characterized by following stages: (1) Pre-treatment of the organic fraction with the separation of unwanted fractions (plastic, metals, etc.) using a "squeezer", shredding of cellulose wood waste, different waste materials (organic and plant) are mixed together in appropriate proportions. (2) Static heaps of mixed waste are ndergoes to aerobic treatment (accelerated bio-oxidation), inside aerated biocells through a forced ventilation system designed for both blowing and sucking air from the heaps; the duration of this stage is 14 days. (3) Maturation in aerated boxes in static heaps by means of a forced ventilation system designed for the sole insufflation of air into the heaps; the duration of this stage is about 33 days. (4) This is the stabilizes phase (known as a curing phase), which is characterized by the process of transforming organic matter into humic substances (humus).The final phase takes place in external covered stalls, where the material matures in heaps on for about 50 days. The duration of the biological transformation process to obtain the compost is 90 days and the accelerated phase of the process takes place in 7 biocells and subsequently in a controlled maturation phase in 28 ventilated boxes. The whole transformation process is managed by a remote control system. The air sucked in by the aerobic treatment department is purified, before being released into the atmosphere by a double abatement stage: scrubber (washing the air with water jets) and natural biofilter. The leachate deriving from the process and the run-off waters of the aprons are reused within the composting process and for the pretreatment of the organic fraction; the excess of the rain water is sent to the adjacent AQA biological purification plant.	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_261 https://www.biociclo.it/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Rapporto-Ambientale-2019.pdf	BioComp/ BioVitae/ BioComPlus (compost) (various contents of heavy metals and Zn, Cu)	Energy (180.000-300.000 kWh/year)	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver					28	2.5	0.87	1.67					70			15.000 - 22.000 t/year	Static	9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Southwest	Italy		1) The company has a production permit (waste processing permit) and an Integrated Environmental Permit. 2) Compost, like other organic soil improvers and organic fertilizers, is subject to compliance with the "nitrates directive" law (Legislative Decree No. 152/99 and Legislative Decree 152/06) which provides for its use with certain spatial, temporal and quantitative limitations.	Biociclo S.r.l. https://biociclo.it/	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_261 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_260 https://biociclo.it/	NUTRIMAN / project completed	The company’s website has environmental reports, but only until 2019. https://www.biociclo.it/il-nostro-bilancio-ambientale/	IUNG
T24	Compost from green waste by "IMOG" process	Technology for N&P recovery as green compost starting from green waste with "IMOG" composting windrow process including membrane and forced aeration	Municipal Biowaste			Municipal Biowaste: green landscape waste (from parks, gardens, lawns and road sides)	none	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC				(1) shredding and mixing green waste, (2) arranging the pile with a membrane and forced aeration, (3) increasing the height of the pile, (4) rotating the pile, (5) sifting compost	Green composting refers to the controlled, biological aerobic breakdown and stabilisation of organic matter, (green waste) using a variety of microorganisms. Allowed input is selectively retrieved green waste (compostable, organic waste from gardens, parks and lawns). At IMOG green waste follows undergoes a 4-phase composting: (a) reduce (chip) and mix the green waste, (b) 5 weeks: set up compost heap on windrow with membrane and forced aeration, (c) 3 weeks: converting windrow to a higher pile (‘table’), (d) 3 weeks: conversion from table to table (rotation of the pile). Last stage is the sifting of the compost (0-15mm) with additional short storage (ad hoc maturation). Minimum requirements are at least 10 consecutive weeks at 45°C including at least 4 days at at least 60°C or at least 12 days at at least 55°C. In addition, minimum requirements must be met regarding the intensity of pile rotation and moisture monitoring. The temperatures achieved by microbiological activity allow for the purification of the final product. At the end of the maturation phase, the compost represents about ½ of the weight of the treated inputs.Percolate water is collected and purified and afterwards partly reused. The IMOG process recuperation technology uses a chipper, a crane, a wheel loader, a turner, membranes and a screen. Through a regular set-up of open air piles several (tens of) thousands of tons can be turned within 12 to 15 weeks into a quality compost usable in gardening and agriculture.		Compost		PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver					17-22	1.22-1.62	0.20-0.27	0.72-1.05	1.43-1.98	0.24-0.36	0.14-0.18		56-66			10.000 t/year (12.000 t/year - available capacity)	Static	9	Yes	No	Low	High	EU Southwest	Belgium / Flemish Region		1) Required: appropriate amount of input material ("brown" and "green" organic waste), space for storing piles and appropriate machinery. 2) Capital Expenditure for economical industrial scale: 12€/ton. Operational Expenditure for economical industrial scale: 28€ /ton (data from 2021). 3) Typically an environmental license/permit for installing this technology will have to be asked & obtained from the local authorities. Environmental license categories classify green composting sites in class 3 (max 25m³ composting capacity), class 2 (between 25m³ and 2000 m³ capacacity) and class 1 (> 2000 m³ capacity). In Flanders an ‘omgevingsvergunning’ will be required from the Department of Environment, taking into account BAT (best available technologies) guidelines and recommendations of other advisory bodies. On the other hand, in Flanders farm composting is not considered as waste transformation nor submitted to legal compliancies (licensing, emissions, certification..….) if only own company-generated organic streams are used and the compost is solely used on own plots. If on the contrary ‘farm compost’ is also used outside of company plots then not only will its composition need to be conform with maximum levels of certain contaminants (heavy metals, organic contaminants) but also will it need to undergo a quality certification process by an appointed quality organisation.	IMGO https://www.imog.be/	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_279 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_280	NUTRIMAN / project completed		IUNG
T25	Compost from green waste and pre-digested vegetable, fruit and garden wastes by "IOK Afvalbeheer" process	Technology for N&P recovery as compost starting from vegetable, fruit and garden wastes with "IOK Afvalbeheer" anaerobic digestion and composting process	Municipal Biowaste			Municipal Biowaste vegetable, fruit and garden wastes, kitchen waste, green landscape waste	Municipal Biowaste: digestate	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC			(1) Waste is shredded, stripped of impurities (iron, glass, plastics), heated with steam and subjected to a dry thermophilic anaerobic digestation. (2) The minerale-rich digestate is mixed with green waste - intensive composting process. (3) The aerobic digestion takes place under controlled conditions (time, temperature and moisture, turning, forced aeration and/or increasing water content) - hygienisation of compost (4) The sieved matter further post-composts and matures, including further turning of the pilies.	Technological elements used by IOK Afvalbeheer process for the different anaerobic and aerobic digestio: Dranco dry thermophilic anaerobic digester, shredder and crane, paddle wheel, conveyor belts, drum sieves, CHP engines and membrane technology. Selectively retrieved waste is shredded, stripped of impurities (iron, glass, plastics), heated with steam and fed into a dry thermophilic anaerobic digester (OWS) that yields digestate and biogas which is partly used as a fuel for 2 CHP’s (combined heat and powermotors Jenbacher and MAN) in situ. The biogas is upgraded via membrane technology for gas grid injection. The minerale-rich digestate is mixed with (sieved, de-ironed and shredded) green waste in an intensive composting process. This aerobic digestion phase is a controlled (= measuring temperature and moist, turning, forced aeration, and/or increasing water content) transformation proces in, an open or closed environment, that mimics the natural conversion process from organic matter to humus in the soil (humification). This composting is a controlled proces lasting a minimum of 4 weeks with minimum 3 turns, after which sieves (16mm) are used to separate the compost from the overflow fraction (recirculating to shredder/start of composting process). To ensure hygienisation of the end product (compost) the following minimum temp/time-ratio’s are upheld and controlled: thermophile digestion of min 2 consecutive weeks >50°C, followed by min. 2 weeks composting at min. 45°C of which min. 4 days at min. 60°C or min. 12 days at min. 55°C. The sieved matter (<16mm) further post-composts and matures, including further turning of the pilies, outside for about 8 -10 weeks. The high temperature during the process means that compost is free of pathogens, insect larvae and weed seeds.		Compost	energy in the form of biogas	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver					> 20	1.79-2.10	0.35-0.52	0.92-1.50	1.79-2.86	0.30-0.48	0,2-0,32		57-74		https://nutriman.net/sites/default/files/2020-10/ID-271_Training_material_PL.pdf	25.000 t/year	Static	9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Southwest	Belgium / Flemish Region; EU 27		1) Typically an environmental license/permit for installing this technology will have to be asked & obtained from the local authorities. Environmental license categories classify composting sites in class 3 (max 25m³ composting capacity), class 2 (between 25m³ and 2000 m³ capacacity) and class 1 (> 2000 m³ capacity). In Flanders an ‘omgevingsvergunning’ will be required from the Department of Environment, taking into account BAT (best available technologies) guidelines and recommendations of other advisory bodies. 2) Total CAPEX of abovementioned machinery: 13.000.000 euro (incl. VAT and funding).	IOK Afvalbeheer https://www.iok.be/	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_271 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_272	NUTRIMAN / project completed		IUNG
T26	Liquid and solid fraction digestate from manure and maize by "Agrogas" process	Technology for N&P recovery as liquid or dried digestates with "Agrogas" separation, drying, membrane filtration and/or reverse osmosis combined with post-treatment system	Agricultural Biomasses	Municipal Biowaste		Agricultural Biomasses: manure, organic wastes, energy maize Municipal Biowaste: household organic waste	Agricultural Biomasses: digestate	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC	CMC 2: Plants, plant parts or plant extracts	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009		Co-digestion + digestate posttreatments separation (of solid from liquid fraction), drying, membrane filtration (MBR) and reverse osmosis (RO)	The anaerobic digestion process is a natural process in which various microorganisms break down biodegradable organic material under anaerobic conditions and convert it (10-15%) into biogas and digestate (85-90%). Agrogas has two separate digestion and post-treatment lines: one purely vegetal proces line and one animal by products/manure proces line. Agrogas’ digestate fractions come through several mesophilic and thermophilic digesters. In the vegetal line: the (two times fermented) digestate is separated via a screw press into a liquid fraction and solid fraction. The liquid fraction of the vegetal line can be disposed on agricultural soils or is sometimes mixed with the hygienised liquid fraction of the animal process line. (Both types) liquid fractions can be further processed, namely a biological water treatment with membrane filtration (membrane bioreactor (MBR)) or reverse osmosis (RO). This MBR permeate or RO concentrate can undergo further evaporation in the thickener. In the animal line: the digestate is always secondary post-fermented themophilic (> 55°C) in a thermophilic post-digester. In the next step, the digestate is separated into a liquid and solid fraction via a sieve belt press.The solid fraction of the animal fermentation line is stored in a separate loading area for drying or further external processing. The liquid fraction of the hygienized digestate with manure is mostly further treated at the biological water treatment plant with membrane filtration (MBR). The permeate that is released during this process can either be removed or further evaporated to thickened permeat with manure. The obtained products conform strict quality requirements, are in homogenized and purified form - they are free from pathogens, insect larvae and weed seeds.		Liquid and solid digestate	biogas	PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer	PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer		Liquid fraction		29.5-35.6	5.7-9.9	0.92-2.79	4.50-7.42	1.29-4.00		0.84-1.60		3.5-8.5			60.000 t/y liquid fraction digestate (including concentrated and/or, thickened effluent), 3.000 t/y dried digestate, and 1.000 à 2.000 t/y raw digestate and/or solid fraction digestate	Static	9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Southwest	Belgium / Province of Antwerp		1) Must own at least an environmental license/permit for installing this technology will have to be asked & obtained from the local authorities. This legislation and authority depends on the specific EU region. For example in Flanders an ‘omgevingsvergunning’ will be required from the Department of Environment, taking into account BAT (best available technologies) guidelines and recommendations of other advisory bodies. 2) CAPEX for economical industrial scaleis significant (in mio €). 3) Agrogas technology is interesting in regions with high production of natural fertilizer (intensive breeding). 4) Digestate from the vegetal line is useful in organic farming.	AGROGAS bvba https://www.facebook.com/Agrogas/ https://vlaco.be/vlaco-vzw/producten/agrogas-bv	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_263 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_264	NUTRIMAN / project completed		IUNG
T27	Liquid and solid fraction digestate from manure and maize by "Agrogas" process	Technology for N&P recovery as liquid or dried digestates with "Agrogas" separation, drying, membrane filtration and/or reverse osmosis combined with post-treatment system	Agricultural Biomasses	Municipal Biowaste		Agricultural Biomasses: manure, organic wastes, energy maize Municipal Biowaste: household organic waste	Agricultural Biomasses: digestate	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC	CMC 2: Plants, plant parts or plant extracts	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009		Co-digestion + digestate posttreatments separation (of solid from liquid fraction), drying, membrane filtration (MBR) and reverse osmosis (RO)	The anaerobic digestion process is a natural process in which various microorganisms break down biodegradable organic material under anaerobic conditions and convert it (10-15%) into biogas and digestate (85-90%). Agrogas has two separate digestion and post-treatment lines: one purely vegetal proces line and one animal by products/manure proces line. Agrogas’ digestate fractions come through several mesophilic and thermophilic digesters. In the vegetal line: the (two times fermented) digestate is separated via a screw press into a liquid fraction and solid fraction. The liquid fraction of the vegetal line can be disposed on agricultural soils or is sometimes mixed with the hygienised liquid fraction of the animal process line. (Both types) liquid fractions can be further processed, namely a biological water treatment with membrane filtration (membrane bioreactor (MBR)) or reverse osmosis (RO). This MBR permeate or RO concentrate can undergo further evaporation in the thickener. In the animal line: the digestate is always secondary post-fermented themophilic (> 55°C) in a thermophilic post-digester. In the next step, the digestate is separated into a liquid and solid fraction via a sieve belt press.The solid fraction of the animal fermentation line is stored in a separate loading area for drying or further external processing. The liquid fraction of the hygienized digestate with manure is mostly further treated at the biological water treatment plant with membrane filtration (MBR). The permeate that is released during this process can either be removed or further evaporated to thickened permeat with manure. The obtained products conform strict quality requirements, are in homogenized and purified form - they are free from pathogens, insect larvae and weed seeds.		Liquid and solid digestate	biogas	PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer	PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer		Solid fraction		34.5-40.5	2.4-3.1	1.62-2.40	1.25-3.50	2.07-3.14	0.60-0.96	0.76-1.12		80-90			60.000 t/y liquid fraction digestate (including concentrated and/or, thickened effluent), 3.000 t/y dried digestate, and 1.000 à 2.000 t/y raw digestate and/or solid fraction digestate	Static	9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Southwest	Belgium / Province of Antwerp; UE 27		1) Must own at least an environmental license/permit for installing this technology will have to be asked & obtained from the local authorities. This legislation and authority depends on the specific EU region. For example in Flanders an ‘omgevingsvergunning’ will be required from the Department of Environment, taking into account BAT (best available technologies) guidelines and recommendations of other advisory bodies. 2) CAPEX for economical industrial scaleis significant (in mio €). 3) Agrogas technology is interesting in regions with high production of natural fertilizer (intensive breeding). 4) Digestate from the vegetal line is useful in organic farming.	AGROGAS bvba https://www.facebook.com/Agrogas/ https://vlaco.be/vlaco-vzw/producten/agrogas-bv	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_263 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_264	NUTRIMAN / project completed		IUNG
T28	Digestate form plant-based biogasplant - dry fraction	The dry fraction of raw (plant based) digestate from an agricultural biogas plant is produced by separating the liquid phase from the solid phase.	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: agricultural processing residues, crop residues	Agricultural Biomasses: crop residues	CMC 4: Fresh crop digestate				Co-digestion + digestate posttreatments separation (on solid and liquid fraction).	The plant biomass placed in the digester undergoes a methane fermentation process. This process occurs due to the vital activities of micro-organisms - methane bacteria. Under anaerobic conditions, these bacteria break down fatty acids, alcohols and other simple and macromolecular organic compounds into methane and carbon dioxide. Anaerobic methane digestion occurs within the digesters of a biogas plant, where organic materials are broken down in the absence of oxygen. This process results in digestate, a by-product with the status of organic fertilizer. The digestate is then subjected to a separation process, where solids are extracted from the liquid.		planteo dry, planteo liquid, planteo pelet		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver		planteo dry	90		1.45	0.56	1.05		0.7							Static	9	Yes	Not known	Medium	Medium	EU Central	Poland			https://planteo.eu/	https://interreg-baltic.eu/project/cinurgi/	CiNURGi / ongoing project		IUNG
T29	Extraction and desalination		Blue Biomasses			Blue Biomasses: Seawater desalination brine	Blue Biomasses: Seawater desalination brine	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC			500l/day	Chemical Precipitation; Nanofiltration (NF); Multiple Effect Distillation (MED); Selective crystallisation or Flotation	The effluent from the desalination plant (on average 500 L/d brine) will be directed to the first precipitation tank for Mg(OH)2 recovery after NaOH addition. The resulting liquid stream will be fed to the second precipitation tank for CaCO3 removal after Na2CO3 addition. These chemical precipitations, except for Mg recovery for BBFs, will also eliminate scaling problems during Nanofiltration (NF) and Multiple Effect Distillation. NF unit will be used to achieve separation of monovalent from multivalent ions and MED to concentrate the NF permeate. From these process units, high-quality distillate water will also be recovered. The MED concentrate stream containing Na+, K+ and Cl– will be directed to a crystallizer for salts crystallization, i.e. NaCl and KCl and will promote the production of high-quality products. Selective crystallization or flotation will be used for NaCl and KCl separation.		Inorganic fertilizer Potassium (K) – KCl; Magnesium (Mg) – Mg(OH)2	water	PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer																	Static	9	Yes		High	Low	EU Southeast	Greece			https://walnutproject.eu/news/walnut-at-the-verdetec-exhibition-in-athens/	https://walnutproject.eu/pilot/brine/	WALNUT project completed		IUNG
T30	Digestate form separately collected biowase, organic waste, manure and slaughterhouse waste and garbage fish - liquid fertiliser suitable for organic farming	The liquid fraction of raw (plant based) digestate from an agricultural biogas plant is produced by separating the liquid phase from the solid phase.	Agricultural Biomasses	Industrial side-streams		Agricultural Biomasses: separately collected biowaste, organic waste Industrial side-streams: food industry, mature and sloughterhouse waste and garbage fish	Agricultural Biomasses: plant-based waste and residues, manure	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate				Pretreatment (incl. crushing, packaging separation, chopping) of substrates to anaerobic digestion, sanitization, separation into different fractions: solid and liquid. The liquid fraction is suitable for distribution to fields by slurry tankers.	The raw materials of LuomuKymppi are plant-based waste and residues, manure and biowaste collected separately from households. In addition, grease and sewage sludge have been used in the manufacture of PeltoKymppi. The energy contained in the raw materials is utilised as biogas in the production of electricity and heat, and the nutrients are recycled into fertilisers. The safety of fertiliser products is ensured in hygiene by heating them to over 70 degrees for at least 1 hour. The treatment destroys e.g. salmonella, e-coli and weed seeds, as well as waste oats.	https://bio10.fi/?page_id=37	LuomuKymppi A, LuomuKymppi B, PeltoKymppi A		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer			LuomuKymppi A	72	1.94	0.53	0.06	0.21		0.01	0.034		4.8		https://bio10.fi/?page_id=137	1100 t/a	Static	9	Yes	Not known	Medium	Medium	EU Central	Finland			https://bio10.fi/?page_id=26	CiNURGi project (https://interreg-baltic.eu/project/cinurgi/) and Bio10 website (https://bio10.fi/?page_id=137)	CiNURGi / ongoing project		IUNG
T31	Treated sewage sludge - liquid fertilizer form digestatate sewage sludge	Treated sewage sludge - liquid fertilizer form digestatate sewage sludge (from separately collected biowase, organic waste, manure, grease sludge, sewage sludge 10 (12,1%) and slaughterhouse waste and garbage fish) - liquid fertiliser suitable for organic farming	Urban Wastewater	Agricultural Biomasses	Industrial side-streams	Urban wastewater: sewage sludge, Agricultural Biomasses: separately collected biowaste, organic waste Industrial side-streams: food industry, mature and sloughterhouse waste and garbage fish	Agricultural Biomasses: plant-based waste and residues, manure	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate				Pretreatment (incl. crushing, packaging separation, chopping) of substrates to anaerobic digestion, sanitization, separation into different fractions: solid and liquid. It is treated sewage sludge - liquid fertilizer form digestatate sewage sludge	The raw materials of LuomuKymppi are plant-based waste and residues, manure and biowaste collected separately from households. In addition, grease and sewage sludge have been used in the manufacture of PeltoKymppi. The energy contained in the raw materials is utilised as biogas in the production of electricity and heat, and the nutrients are recycled into fertilisers. The safety of fertiliser products is ensured in hygiene by heating them to over 70 degrees for at least 1 hour. The treatment destroys e.g. salmonella, e-coli and weed seeds, as well as waste oats.	https://bio10.fi/?page_id=37	PeltoKymppi A, LuomuKymppi A, LuomuKymppi B,		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer			PeltoKymppi A	66,1	1.5	0.41	0.09	0.13		0.01	0.04		4.1		https://bio10.fi/?page_id=137		Static	9	Yes	Not known	Medium	Medium	EU Central	Finland			https://bio10.fi/?page_id=26	CiNURGi project (https://interreg-baltic.eu/project/cinurgi/) and Bio10 website (https://bio10.fi/?page_id=137)	CiNURGi / ongoing project		IUNG
T32	Digestate form plant-based biogasplant - liquid fraction	The liquid fraction of raw (plant based) digestate from an agricultural biogas plant is produced by separating the liquid phase from the solid phase.	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: agricultural processing residues, crop residues	Agricultural Biomasses: crop residues	CMC 4: Fresh crop digestate				Co-digestion + digestate posttreatments separation (on solid and liquid fraction).	The plant biomass placed in the digester undergoes a methane fermentation process. This process occurs due to the vital activities of micro-organisms - methane bacteria. Under anaerobic conditions, these bacteria break down fatty acids, alcohols and other simple and macromolecular organic compounds into methane and carbon dioxide. Filtration of the digestate results in a liquid organic fertiliser.	https://planteo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PLANTEO_BROSZURA_12str_210mm_x_210mm_4.01.2021_Q_WWW-1.pdf	planteo liquid, planteo draw, plateo pelet		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver		planteo liquid	74	1.2	0.45	0.05	0.34	0.28	0.05							Static	9	Yes	Not known	Medium	Medium	EU Central	Poland			https://planteo.eu/	https://interreg-baltic.eu/project/cinurgi/	CiNURGi / ongoing project		IUNG
T33	Solid manure and mineral concentrate from pig and cattle slurry by Vlako process	Technology for N&P recovery as solid manure and mineral concentrate from pig and cattle slurry by belt press sieve and pasteurization or reverse osmosis	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: livestock manure and slurry from pigs and cattle or mink		CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009			135.000 m3/year	Adding sulfuric acid and iron sulfate to the slurry/manure tank; solid-liquid fraction mechanical separation with belt press sieve; pasteurization solid fractionusing infrared and processing of the liquid fraction by membrane filtration / reverse osmosis.	Local transporters collect the slurry from local pig, cattle or mink farmers and transport this manure to the manure storage at Vlako’s. The process starts in a reactor tank where sulphuric acid and iron sulphate are added to the slurry. From the reactor tank the manure goes to the sieve belt press. The slurry is separated in a solid and liquid fraction using a belt press sieve. After separation, the solid fraction is pasteurized using infrared and then export and sales as organic fertilizer. By pasteurizing the solid fraction, it is free of pathogens like salmonella and e-coli. The liquid fraction is collected and send to the flotation unit. After the flotation unit the liquid fraction goes through a paper filter where left over organic materials are filtered out. From the paper filter the liquid fraction goes through the reverse osmosis where membrane filtration separates clean water from the mineral concentrate. Only after the last step of the process, the reverse osmosis, the product can be called mineral concentrate. The product is characterized by low phosphate and heavy metal contents (Cu: <0,1 ppm; Zn: 0,14 ppm). Reverse osmosis is considered a best available technique to separate clean water for surface water discharge, from liquid manure fractions.		Mineral concentrate (PFC 3(B)), Pasteurized solid fraction (PFC 3(A))	clean water	PFC 3(B): Inorganic soil improver	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver		Mineral concentrate			0.65	0.004	0.63		0.03	0.13						Static	9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Southwest	The Netherlands (North-Brabant, Northern Limburg)		1) The mineral concentrate is allowed as pilot RENURE fertilizer which means that application is no longer defined as livestock manure in the Nitrates Directive. 2) Solid fraction there are less tons needed to bring the same kinds of nutrients as when slurry is being brought to the fields. Where normally 6 to 10 tons of slurry is being spread, this can be replaced by using only 2 to 2,5 tons of solid fraction. This means that solid fraction is cheaper to transport and it can be spread with lighter spreaders which leads to less soil compaction. 3) In order to bring considerable quantities of nutritional elements, it is necessary to transport high volumes of the product, taking note of the fact that it is characterized by a low concentration of N, P, K in comparison with mineral fertilizer. 4) Due to the organic origin of the fertilizer, nutrient content may vary. 5) The product is locally produced for local farmers.	Vlako B.V. https://www.vlako.nl/	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_519 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_594 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_520	NUTRIMAN / project completed		IUNG
T34	Solid manure and mineral concentrate from pig and cattle slurry by Vlako process	Technology for N&P recovery as solid manure and mineral concentrate from pig and cattle slurry by belt press sieve and pasteurization or reverse osmosis	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: livestock manure and slurry from pigs and cattle or mink		CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009			135.000 m3/year	Adding sulfuric acid and iron sulfate to the slurry/manure tank; solid-liquid fraction mechanical separation with belt press sieve; pasteurization solid fractionusing infrared and processing of the liquid fraction by membrane filtration / reverse osmosis.	Local transporters collect the slurry from local pig, cattle or mink farmers and transport this manure to the manure storage at Vlako’s. The process starts in a reactor tank where sulphuric acid and iron sulphate are added to the slurry. From the reactor tank the manure goes to the sieve belt press. The slurry is separated in a solid and liquid fraction using a belt press sieve. After separation, the solid fraction is pasteurized using infrared and then export and sales as organic fertilizer. By pasteurizing the solid fraction, it is free of pathogens like salmonella and e-coli. The liquid fraction is collected and send to the flotation unit. After the flotation unit the liquid fraction goes through a paper filter where left over organic materials are filtered out. From the paper filter the liquid fraction goes through the reverse osmosis where membrane filtration separates clean water from the mineral concentrate. Only after the last step of the process, the reverse osmosis, the product can be called mineral concentrate. The product is characterized by low phosphate and heavy metal contents (Cu: <0,1 ppm; Zn: 0,14 ppm). Reverse osmosis is considered a best available technique to separate clean water for surface water discharge, from liquid manure fractions.		Pasteurized solid fraction (PFC 3(A)), Mineral concentrate (PFC 3(B))	clean water	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver	PFC 3(B): Inorganic soil improver			23		1.33	0.79	0.43					30-35				Static	9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Southwest	The Netherlands (North-Brabant, Northern Limburg)		1) The mineral concentrate is allowed as pilot RENURE fertilizer which means that application is no longer defined as livestock manure in the Nitrates Directive. 2) Solid fraction there are less tons needed to bring the same kinds of nutrients as when slurry is being brought to the fields. Where normally 6 to 10 tons of slurry is being spread, this can be replaced by using only 2 to 2,5 tons of solid fraction. This means that solid fraction is cheaper to transport and it can be spread with lighter spreaders which leads to less soil compaction. 3) In order to bring considerable quantities of nutritional elements, it is necessary to transport high volumes of the product, taking note of the fact that it is characterized by a low concentration of N, P, K in comparison with mineral fertilizer. 4) Due to the organic origin of the fertilizer, nutrient content may vary. 5) The product is locally produced for local farmers.	Vlako B.V. https://www.vlako.nl/	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_519 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_594 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_520	NUTRIMAN / project completed		IUNG
T35	Liquid mineral concentrate by VP-Hobe process	Technology for N recovery as mineral concentrate, ammonia water and ammonium sulphate from manure/digestate by VP-Hobe manure and digestate valorisation system	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: livestock manure and slurry	Agricultural Biomasses: digestate of cattle manure, pig manure or co-fermentation	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate		The capacity of the technology is scalable: 50.000, 125.000, 250.000 ton input/year	(1) Separation manure in a flotation unit and in a belt filter press to the liquid and solid fraction. (The solid fraction is dried on a belt dryer.) (2) Concentration of the liquid fraction reverse osmosis (RO) process (3) De-watering the RO-concentrate in an evaporator. (4) Removal of ammonia from flowing liquid stream by stripping and concentrated into NH3-water. (5) Futher production of potassium concentrate and ammonium sulphate solution by scrubbing the vapour coming out of the evaporator with sulphuric acid. (6) Cleaning of condensate from the Evaporator/ Stripper/ Scrubber (ESS) unit and RO permeate in the RO water polisher and the ion exchanger (RO-IE) for discharge into surface waters.	The VP-Hobe manure and digestate valorisation system is a robust proven technology operated at own processing plants. Contains the following modules : (1) Solid-Liquid-separation: Separation takes place in a flotation unit and in a belt filter press. The input manure is separated into a solid and a liquid fraction. A flocculant is added. In the flotation system, small air bubbles bring particles to the surface of the tank where it forms a layer of sludge. This layer is scraped off and de-watered in the belt filter press into a solid fraction of 30% dry matter (DM). The solid fraction is dried on a belt dryer to 90% DM. (2) Reverse Osmosis (RO): A RO processes the liquid fraction (1,7% DM) into a retentate concentrated-N/K2O product (3,4% DM) and a permeate product to be processed in the clean water production. (3) Evaporator/ Stripper/ Scrubber (ESS): The RO-concentrate or thin fraction will be further de-watered in an evaporator. The liquid passes through a falling film evaporator with mechanical vapour recompression. Heating the liquid in the evaporator causes water to evaporate. A vacuum lowers the boiling point, less energy is needed than when evaporating at normal atmospheric pressure. The ammonia in the incoming liquid is removed from the product flow by stripping and concentration into NH3-water (14% N). The evaporator further produces a potassium concentrate (25% DM and 6,5% K2O) and ammonium sulphate solution by scrubbing the vapour coming out of the evaporator with sulphuric acid. (4) Clean water production (RO-IE): The condensate from ESS unit and the permeate from the RO is cleaned in the RO water polisher and the ion exchanger (RO-IE) to achieve the right quality for discharge into surface waters. The VP-Hobe process achieves lowest possible operational costs (energy, additives) while produces several fertilizers, e.g. mineral- and potassium-concentrate, NH3-water, Ammonium sulphate, as well as clean dischargeable water. The products are hygienic and free from salmonella and E-coli.		Liquid mineral concentrate (PFC 3(B)), Liquid ammonium sulphate (PFC 1(C)), NH3-water (PFC 1(C)), Liquid K concentrate (PFC 3(A))		PFC 3(B): Inorganic soil improver	PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver	Liquid mineral concentrate			0.8	0.02	0.75					3.4				Static	9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Southwest	The Netherlands also Belgium, Germany and other		1) Authority permit not necessary for local distribution. This product is a potential RENURE fertilizer which means that application will no longer be defined as livestock manure in the Nitrates Directive. This means application will no longer be limited to 170 kg N/ha. /The nitrogen in liquid K concentrate product is still considered livestock manure as defined in the Nitrates Directive. 2) The presence of sulfur in the product can be limiting aplication on grass. 3) Geographical area: max 30 kms from processing plant (for liquid ammonium sulfate) or 200 kms area around processing plant (for liquid NK concentrate). 4) Due to the organic origin of the fertilizer, nutrient content may vary change if changes the quality of the inputs (for liquid mineral concentrate).	VP-HoBe http://www.vp-hobe.nl/	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_669 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_1529 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_1527 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_1504 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_1528	NUTRIMAN / project completed		IUNG
T36	Filtration unit; Ion exchange; Hollow Fibre Membrane Contactors		Urban Wastewater			Urban Wastewater: wastewater (reject water)	Urban Wastewater: wastewater	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC				The aim of this pilot plant is to recover nitrogen from reject water. It consists in three main units: a filtration pre-treatment process to remove the suspended solids presented in reject water; an ion exchange column loaded with 0.5-1 mm zeolites for nitrogen concentration; and two membrane contactors with an unitary surface of 1.4 m2 (3M™ Liqui-Cel™ EXF-2.5×8). These membranes allow the ammonia transport from the feed solution and to the acid one, in this case, nitric acid, producing ammonium nitrate which is free of PTEs and organic micropollutants (OMPs) because the selected membrane is gas permeable and none of these compounds should pass through.			Fertilizer -Nitrogen as ammonium nitrate	water	PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer																		9	Yes	Not known	High		EU Southwest	Spain			https://www.viaqua.gal/en/digitalizacion-e-innovacion https://walnutproject.eu/news/walnut-partners-pay-a-visit-to-ourense-and-zamora-pilot-plants/ https://www.cetaqua.com/en/laboratorios/cetec-lab/	https://walnutproject.eu/pilot/sewage-sludge/	WALNUT project completed		IUNG
T37	Heterotrophic biorreactor- cultivation alge	Hybrid system of Photoautotrophic and heterotrophic microalgal cultivation or Microbial Fuel Cell	Urban Wastewater			Industrial side stream : Industrial waste water ( dairy industry)	Industrial side stream: Industrial waste water	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC				The technology consists of three main stages, (i) microalgae cultivation in two stages, which consume the organic matter and nutrients contained in the waste water; (ii) harvesting or separation phase to recover the solid fraction of microalgae as high-value by product and the liquid fraction as reusable water in the process; (iii) a drying stage by spray dryer to recover the dry microalgae.			Nitrogen and Phosphorus		PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver	PFC 1(B) Organo-mineral fertilizer																	9	Yes	Yes	High		EU Southwest	Belgium			https://www.aquafin.be/en	https://walnutproject.eu/pilot/industrial/	WALNUT/ Project completed		IUNG
T38	HRAS (high-rate activated sludge) Adsorption/ion-exchange	Wastewater treatment process that aims to remove organic matter efficiently, while minimizing energy consumption. It achieves this by employing short sludge and hydraulic retention times, and often prioritizes capturing organic matter for later anaerobic digestion.	Urban Wastewater			Urban wastewater: sludge, wastewater	Urban wastewater: sewage sludge, wastewater	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC				A novel 2-stage process that combines (1) high-rate activated sludge (HRAS) and (2) adsorption/ion-exchange will be set up. The first stage (HRAS) will mainly focus on removing organic matter. Aquafin foresees a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) to explore the potential of HRAS treating urban wastewater. The pilot will be able to deal with a discontinuous influent flow of 1300 L/day. During the second stage (adsorption/ion-exchange) we aim to recover at least 50% of the total nitrogen content from the influent wastewater, in the form of ammonium sulphate (from regeneration of the adsorbent) or as saturated adsorbent. On lab-scale, the type of adsorbent and dimensioning of the pilot are still under investigation. Bed volumes per hour (BV/h) are estimated between 8 and 40.			Ammonium sulphate ((NH4)2SO4); Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), phosphorus and potassium		PFC 1(B) Organo-mineral fertilizer																		9	Yes	Not known	High		EU Southwest	Belgium			https://www.aquafin.be/en	https://walnutproject.eu/pilot/urban/	WALNUT- project completed		IUNG
T39	Anaerobic digestion		Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses : pig manure and agricultural waste	Municipal Biowaste: expired food	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC				Pig manure, agricultural waste and expired food are provided by nearby producers. All feedstock is processed in an anaerobic digestor where bacteria convert the organic material to biogas (methane and CO2). Said biogas powers motors, transforming into electrical power and heat. Biological residues from the digestor are commercialized as a natural fertilizer.	Pig manure is rich in organic matter is converted into biogas through anaerobic digestion. This process typically yields a high methane content, making it a valuable energy source. Applying thermal pretreatment to pig manure before anaerobic digestion enhancing the stability and efficiency of the process. Thermal pretreatment at 80°C followed by digestion at thermophilic temperatures (45°C) resulted in stable biogas production with methane content around 69%. Integrating hydrothermal pretreatment with anaerobic digestion also improving the removal of antibiotics and increase methane productivity. Regularly monitoring parameters such as pH, temperature, and volatile fatty acids is crucial for maintaining optimal conditions and preventing process imbalances. Mixing pig manure with other organic materials, such as food waste or agricultural residues, can improve the nutrient balance and increase biogas production. The biogas produced can be used to generate electricity, heat, or be upgraded to renewable natural gas for injection into the gas grid.		Naturgal - natural organic fertilizer	Fuels, Heat, Electrical power	PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer																	Static	9	Yes	No	High	Medium	EU Central	Poland			https://biogal.pl/zo-0118poiis.html	https://mainstreambio-digital-toolkit.eu/catalogue_business_model/1689321597866x619445133209304400?lang=en_us&intro=yes&solution=business_models&business=references&repository=audio_visual&tech=biochemical&technology=feedstock	MAINSTREAMBIO / project completed		IUNG
T40	Anaerobic digestion	The biogas plant is mainly fed by food leftovers and fat, that are both partly hygienised or non-hygienised. The biogas plant is furthermore fed by grass juices as by-products from the biorefinery.	Municipal Biowaste	Municipal Biowaste		Municipal Biowaste	Agricultural Biomasses	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC				The biogas plant is mainly fed by food leftovers and fat, that are both partly hygienised or non-hygienised. The biogas plant is furthermore fed by grass juices as by-products from the biorefinery. Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion and then converted into electrical energy and heat. Around 500 kg of nutrients can be supplied to the biogas process from one tonne of dry matter of grass processed in the biorefinery. At the end of the cycle, the process water is recovered from the substrate and a material with high nitrogen content is separated and used as an organic fertiliser (AgriFer).	Anaerobic digestion is a series of biological process in which micro-organisms break down organic material under oxygen-free conditions. This usually refers to methane fermentation in which the final product is biogas, a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. Anaerobic digestion therefore is a form of fermentation. The recalcitrant part remains and is called digestate. The process takes place in stirred and heated reactors, often with a volume of more than 1,000 m3, and the conversion of solid organic substances into biogas usually takes one month. There are basically two subtypes of digestion (next to the already mentioned main types, co- and mono-digestion): namely wet and dry digestion. Wet digestion means that a big basin with a stirring mechanism (mixing the slurry) is filled with a liquid mixture. Dry digestion is suitable for fibrous/stalky materials, that are difficult to digest in a slurry. An example of a feedstock suitable for dry digestion is grass or straw.		AgriFer - Organic fertilizer with high nitrogen content.	biogas - thermal and electrical energy	PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer				18.2		18.2	2.79	4.78	8.14	0.21	0.05		3.6	1.030			Static	9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Central	Germany			https://biowert.com/en/agrifer/ https://de.linkedin.com/company/biowert-industrie-gmbh https://www.facebook.com/Biowert/	https://mainstreambio-digital-toolkit.eu/catalogue_business_model/1689318968177x304884978554370800?lang=en_us&intro=yes&solution=business_models&business=references&repository=audio_visual&tech=biochemical&technology=feedstock	MAINSTREAMBIO / project completed		IUNG
T41	Insect-based bioconversion	Insect-based bioconversion also known as insect farming is based on the selection of insect species e.g. Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae, house fly maggots, mealworms, and grasshoppers-crickets and different rearing substrates.	Municipal Biowaste			Municipal Biowaste: organic residues (e.g. food waste)	Municipal Biowaste: organic residues (e.g. food waste)	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate				Pressing, rafination and bioconversion by insects	The production process consists of the following phases/modules: • Preparing the input. The larvae of the Black Soldier Fly (BSF) are generally able to convert any kind of organic residue. • Rearing the larvae • Separating the larvae from the organic fertilizer by sieving. • Drying the larvae in an oven. • Pressing the larvae separate fat from protein meal. The technology madebymade uses originates from a variety of technology providers. Segments of the production process are outsourced to other companies. As much as possible, machinery and equipment already existing is being used, and where needed new technology is developed. No single company is individually able to meet the complete technological needs. The provider of technology is madebymade. The technology is easily scalable.		Mdebymade- Made Green- organic fertilizer		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer				80		3	0.96	3.67		0.36	0.4				https://madebymade.eu/warum-natuerlicherduenger/	20t/day	Static/Mobile	7	Yes	Yes	Low	High	EU Central	Germany			https://mainstreambio-digital-toolkit.eu/catalogue_business_model/1689323423748x896236002888529300?lang=en_us&intro=yes&solution=business_models&business=feedstock&repository=audio_visual&tech=biochemical&technology=feedstock&resources=audio_visual	https://madebymade.eu/warum-natuerlicherduenger/	MAINSTREAMBIO / project completed		IUNG
T42	Bioconversion/ Insect breeding + biorefinery’	Insect-based bioconversion also known as insect farming is based on the selection of insect species e.g. Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae, house fly maggots, mealworms, and grasshoppers-crickets and different rearing substrates. The main benefits of this conversion process are reduction of waste by producing high quality protein (mainly for animal feed) and the extraction of products such as oil, natural fertilizer and chitin. Black soldier fly larvae are grown in crates on rack cupboards and fed with agricultural and food residue streams. Technology is simply scalable to the amounts of vegetable residue streams available, whether smaller or larger quantities. Larvae are harvested, dried & used as feed (when grown on GMP+ food safety assured side streams) or further refined to a protein rich fraction and lipids. Larvae and protein fraction contain essential amino acids which are low in feeds produced from plants. During harvesting the insects are sieved out of their remaining feed medium, the fine fraction (left-overs, debris, etc.) is sold as fertilizer (compost). Also the substrate residue (skins of worms) remaining after pressing of the worms can be used as fertilizer.	Industrial side-streams			Municipal Biowaste: organic food waste	Municipal Biowaste: organic food waste	CMC 6: Food industry by-products				Pressing, rafination and bioconversion by insects	Organic food waste from several origins is fed to mealworm (molitor) larvae. • Worms are grown in patented vertical farms that optimize their growth and molecular components. • These insects contain high quality proteins and other valuable compounds, such as fatty acids and chitosan (scarce compounds). • Mealworms’ dejections are processed into high-quality fertilizers.		Ynfrass- organic fertilizer		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer															https://www.ynsect.com/why-ynfrass/		Static/Mobile	9	Yes	Yes	Low	High	EU Central	France			https://www.ynsect.com/ https://www.ynsect.com/plants/	https://mainstreambio-digital-toolkit.eu/catalogue_business_model/1689323560067x440714238769957440?lang=en_us&intro=yes&solution=business_models&business=feedstock&repository=audio_visual&tech=biochemical&technology=feedstock&resources=audio_visual	MAINSTREAMBIO / project completed	https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-61765-x	IUNG
T43	Anaerobic digestion		Agricultural Biomasses	Agricultural Biomasses		Agricultural Biomasses: livestock manure and slurry		CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC				The biogas plant is fed by chemically and enzymatically pretreated manure and slurry from pig and poultry farms. Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion and then converted into electrical energy and heat. At the end of the cycle, a material with high nitrogen content is separated and used as an organic fertilizer. Other Input Materials: water	During the process of anaerobic digestion cattle manure is mixed with biomass. Bacteria in the manure convert organic material (such as sugars, fats and cellulose) into biogas (methane and CO2). The biogas consists of about 60% methane, 35% CO2 and 5% of other gasses, such as H2S, NH3 and others. There are basically two subtypes of digestion (next to the already mentioned main types, co and mono digestion): namely wet and dry. Wet digestion means that a big bassin with a stirring mechanism (mixing the slurry) is filled with a liquid mixture of manure and possibly biomass. Dry digestion is suitable for fibrous/stalky materials, that are difficult to digest in a slurry. An example of a feedstock suitable for dry digestion is grass or straw. Dry digestion is done by a air tight device/container with a sprinkler in the roof. Biomass is placed on the floor and liquid manure is sprayed over the biomass. The liquid manure seeps through the biomass to the floor, which is permeabel for the liquid manure. In the floor, the liquid manure is collected and pumped to the sprinklers again. Most common in the market are wet digestors and these widely commercially available. Dry digestors are still more in development but there are some available on the market. Most digestors are mesofile digestors, that run on temperatures between 37°C and 40°C. In these digestors the manure is kept for about 15 to 40 days.There are also thermofile digestors, that are kept at a temperature of around 55°C. In these digestors the manure is kept for about 10 to 20 days. The time that manure is kept in a digestor is depending on the speed of the digestion process and on the ingredients of the product that is digested.	Catalysts (chemical and enzymatical pretreatment, yeast)	Organic fertilizer (with high nitrogen content)	Biogas, Electrical energy, Heat	PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer																	Static	9	Yes	No	High	Medium	EU North	Sweden			https://www.lantmannen.com/ http://agroinlog-h2020.eu/en/home/ https://www.facebook.com/p/Agroinlog-100075643074911/	https://mainstreambio-digital-toolkit.eu/catalogue_business_model/1689319710089x564223039173296960?lang=en_us&intro=yes&solution=business_models&business=feedstock	MAINSTREAMBIO / project completed	Lantmännen Agriculture is certified : ISO9001, ISO14001+STEMS (energy management), EFISC-GTP, KRAV certificate EU-organic certificate, Sustainable production of biomass (RED)2BSvs https://www.lantmannenlantbrukmaskin.com/about-us/certificates/	IUNG
T44	Organic fertilizers from fish and food waste by fermentation proces	Technology for developing organic fertilizers from fish processing and other organic side-streams by fermentation process	Blue Biomasses	Municipal Biowaste	Industrial side-streams	Blue Biomasses: fish by-products - fish waste (i.e. salmon heads, bones, collars, cheeks, spines and bellies) Municipal Biowaste: restaurant food waste, green landscape waste (tree leaves)	Industrial side-streams: ash from wood	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC				Impurities removal, fermentation, liquid separation, mixing of the organic mass with ash, granulation and drying or vermicomposting and sieving	Developed of a prototype technological solution for obtaining organic fertilizers, such as foliar spray, granulated ferment and vermicompost, from fish processing and other side- streams. The main treatment is bokashi fermentation and further developments include pelletizing, producing vermicompost and separation of liquid. Extrusion together with hammer mill is the most suitable pelletization method, because it allows the input material to consist of up to 50 % of moisture (compared to the 5 % applicable to the matrix method). For drying the pellets, a solar-powered tumbler dryer was developed. It is an off grid system on a trailer that uses sun power (12 (DC) volts), which capacity ranges up to 2000L per month. It was established that fish waste can be bokashi fermented alone as effectively as together with other types of food waste. That allows fish waste producers to start fermenting on spot, saving them from the cost of freezing or the problem with rotting.		granulated ferment (PFC 1(A)), vermicompost (PFC 3(A)), organic foliar spray (biostimulant)	solar-powered tumbler dryer	PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver														https://sea2landproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/SEA2LAND_9.4-Practice-Abstracts-M18.pdf (p. 43)		Static/Mobile	5	No	Not known	Low	Medium	EU North	Estonia		1) SWOT analysis - Baltic sea https://sea2landproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/SEA2LAND_9.4-Practice-Abstracts-M18.pdf (p. 31, 39) 2) all side streams must meet the condition of being waste (Regulation 2008/98/CE) and shall constitute part of a fertiliser productcompliant Regulation 2019/1009	NutriLoop OÜ https://nutriloop.org/ https://www.facebook.com/NutriLoop/videos/4651964931570564/	https://sea2landproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/SEA2LAND_9.4-Practice-Abstracts-M18.pdf (p.41-43) https://sea2landproject.eu/baltic-sea-case/	SEA2LAND / project completed		IUNG
T45	Digestate form plant-based biogasplant - pelet	Pelet from the dry fraction of raw (plant based) digestate from an agricultural biogas plant is produced by separating the liquid phase from the solid phase.	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: agricultural processing residues, crop residues	Agricultural Biomasses: crop residues	CMC 4: Fresh crop digestate				Co-digestion + digestate posttreatments separation (on solid and liquid fraction).	The plant biomass placed in the digester undergoes a methane fermentation process. This process occurs due to the vital activities of micro-organisms - methane bacteria. Under anaerobic conditions, these bacteria break down fatty acids, alcohols and other simple and macromolecular organic compounds into methane and carbon dioxide. Filtration of the digestate results in a solid organic fertiliser, later on dryied and pelletizied.	https://planteo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PLANTEO_BROSZURA_12str_210mm_x_210mm_4.01.2021_Q_WWW-1.pdf	planteo pellet, planteo dry, plateo liquid		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver		planteo pellet	90		1.85	0.57	1.04							https://planteo.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PLANTEO_BROSZURA_12str_210mm_x_210mm_4.01.2021_Q_WWW-1.pdf	110 000 m3 of digestate transormed in 2024 year = 400 t of pellet	Static	9	Yes	Not known	Medium	Medium	EU Central	Poland			https://planteo.eu/	https://interreg-baltic.eu/project/cinurgi/	CiNURGi / ongoing project		IUNG
T46	Potassium concentrate by VP-Hobe process	Technology for N recovery as mineral concentrate, ammonia water and ammonium sulphate from manure/digestate by VP-Hobe manure and digestate valorisation system	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: livestock manure and slurry	Agricultural Biomasses: digestate of cattle manure, pig manure or co-fermentation	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate		The capacity of the technology is scalable: 50.000, 125.000, 250.000 ton input/year	(1) Separation manure in a flotation unit and in a belt filter press to the liquid and solid fraction. (The solid fraction is dried on a belt dryer.) (2) Concentration of the liquid fraction reverse osmosis (RO) process (3) De-watering the RO-concentrate in an evaporator. (4) Removal of ammonia from flowing liquid stream by stripping and concentrated into NH3-water. (5) Futher production of potassium concentrate and ammonium sulphate solution by scrubbing the vapour coming out of the evaporator with sulphuric acid. (6) Cleaning of condensate from the Evaporator/ Stripper/ Scrubber (ESS) unit and RO permeate in the RO water polisher and the ion exchanger (RO-IE) for discharge into surface waters.	The VP-Hobe manure and digestate valorisation system is a robust proven technology operated at own processing plants. Contains the following modules : (1) Solid-Liquid-separation: Separation takes place in a flotation unit and in a belt filter press. The input manure is separated into a solid and a liquid fraction. A flocculant is added. In the flotation system, small air bubbles bring particles to the surface of the tank where it forms a layer of sludge. This layer is scraped off and de-watered in the belt filter press into a solid fraction of 30% dry matter (DM). The solid fraction is dried on a belt dryer to 90% DM. (2) Reverse Osmosis (RO): A RO processes the liquid fraction (1,7% DM) into a retentate concentrated-N/K2O product (3,4% DM) and a permeate product to be processed in the clean water production. (3) Evaporator/ Stripper/ Scrubber (ESS): The RO-concentrate or thin fraction will be further de-watered in an evaporator. The liquid passes through a falling film evaporator with mechanical vapour recompression. Heating the liquid in the evaporator causes water to evaporate. A vacuum lowers the boiling point, less energy is needed than when evaporating at normal atmospheric pressure. The ammonia in the incoming liquid is removed from the product flow by stripping and concentration into NH3-water (14% N). The evaporator further produces a potassium concentrate (25% DM and 6,5% K2O) and ammonium sulphate solution by scrubbing the vapour coming out of the evaporator with sulphuric acid. (4) Clean water production (RO-IE): The condensate from ESS unit and the permeate from the RO is cleaned in the RO water polisher and the ion exchanger (RO-IE) to achieve the right quality for discharge into surface waters. The VP-Hobe process achieves lowest possible operational costs (energy, additives) while produces several fertilizers, e.g. mineral- and potassium-concentrate, NH3-water, Ammonium sulphate, as well as clean dischargeable water. The products are hygienic and free from salmonella and E-coli.	no data	Liquid K concentrate (PFC 3(A)), Liquid ammonium sulphate (PFC 1(C)), NH3-water (PFC 1(C)), Liquid mineral concentrate (PFC 3(B))		PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver	PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer	PFC 3(B): Inorganic soil improver	Liquid K concentrate	7.5		4.0	1.75	5.42					25				Static	9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Southwest	The Netherlands also Belgium, Germany and other		1) Authority permit not necessary for local distribution. This product is a potential RENURE fertilizer which means that application will no longer be defined as livestock manure in the Nitrates Directive. This means application will no longer be limited to 170 kg N/ha. /The nitrogen in liquid K concentrate product is still considered livestock manure as defined in the Nitrates Directive. 2) The presence of sulfur in the product can be limiting aplication on grass. 3) Geographical area: max 30 kms from processing plant (for liquid ammonium sulfate) or 200 kms area around processing plant (for liquid NK concentrate). 4) Due to the organic origin of the fertilizer, nutrient content may vary change if changes the quality of the inputs (for liquid mineral concentrate).	VP-HoBe http://www.vp-hobe.nl/	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_669 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_1529 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_1527 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_1504 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_1528	NUTRIMAN / project completed		IUNG
T47	Slurry acidification	The addition of acids aids the protonation of ammonia, shifting the equilibrium towards ammonium thus reducing the possibility of nitrogen loss through ammonia evaporation and increasing the nitrogen content of the slurry in effect.	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: slurry	Agricultural Biomasses: slurry	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC				Addition of acids aids the protonation of ammonia, shifting the equilibrium towards ammonium thus reducing the possibility of nitrogen loss through ammonia evaporation and increases the nitrogen content of slurry in effect. When sulfuric acid is used for acidification, then the sulfur content of the slurry is also increased. There are commercially available technologies to acidify slurry in the animal house, before slurry is pumped to storage, or just before or during spreading. All systems use sulfuric acid for the acidification. Acidified slurry is stored or spread with regularl equipment	The addition of acids aids the protonation of ammonia, shifting the equilibrium towards ammonium thus reducing the possibility of nitrogen loss through ammonia evaporation and increasing the nitrogen content of the slurry in effect. When sulfuric acid is used for acidification, then the sulfur content of the slurry is also increased. There are commercially available technologies to acidify slurry in the animal house, before the slurry is pumped to storage, or just before or during spreading. All systems use sulfuric acid for acidification. The acidified slurry is stored or spread with regular equipment. The acidified slurry has characteristics with significantly different buffering capacities, N and P speciation, and electrical conductivity. Slurry acidification can lead to significant CO2 emissions during the process as well as H2S emissions during storage. Acidification in the animal house involves pumping acidified slurry into the storage area beneath the slatted floors. Another approach is to add the acid in the slurry storage tank just before the slurry is applied to fields or the acid can be applied in-line on the slurry tanker during field application. This approach is cheaper than in-house acidification as less equipment and sulphuric acid are needed for decreasing the pH of the slurry. However, field acidification only reduces NH3 emissions in the field and does not reduce emissions from animal housing or manure storage. The improved fertilizer value of nitrogen (N) is another advantage of slurry acidification. Lower NH3 losses following acidification mean more slurry total-N and plant-available N remains in the slurry applied to fields, resulting in an increased mineral N fertilizer equivalent (MFE) value compared to the untreated slurry.	Acidification decreases ammonia emissions from manure and digestate by 50–70%. When the pH is decreased from typically around 7.5 to 5.5, the gaseous acid-base compound concentration of NH3 decreases from 1.8% to 0.02%. Ammonia emissions from pig housing were reduced by up to 70% when slurry was acidified from pH 7.5 to pH 6 and by 67% following subsequent field application by band-spreading. If slurry is acidified during the storage period, it will also reduce methane emissions by +90% during storage. Some studies suggest that acidification can reduce nitrous oxide emissions but there is not consensus on this in scientific literature	Fertilizer / Acidified slurry or digestate used to crop fertilization		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver																Static/Mobile	9	Yes	No	Low	High	EU Central	Baltic Sea regions countries ( Denmark, Estonia, Finland,Latvia, Lithuania, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden)			Baltic slurry acidification project YouTube channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1W0TdVuzREXROIsYC6uKaQ	http://balticslurry.eu/goals-and-achievements/	MAINSTREAMBIO / project completed		IUNG
T48	Digestate form separately collected biowase, organic waste, manure and slaughterhouse waste and garbage fish - solid soil conditioner suitable for organic farming.	The solid fraction of raw (plant based) digestate from an agricultural biogas plant is produced by separating the solid phase from the liquid phase.	Agricultural Biomasses	Industrial side-streams		Agricultural Biomasses: separately collected biowaste, organic waste Industrial side-streams: food industry, mature and sloughterhouse waste and garbage fish	Agricultural Biomasses: plant-based waste and residues, manure	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate				Pretreatment (incl. crushing, packaging separation, chopping) of substrates to anaerobic digestion, sanitization, separation into different fractions: solid and liquid. The solid fraction is suitable for distribution to fields for organic farming and home gardens.	The raw materials of LuomuKymppi are plant-based waste and residues, manure and biowaste collected separately from households. In addition, grease and sewage sludge have been used in the manufacture of PeltoKymppi. The energy contained in the raw materials is utilised as biogas in the production of electricity and heat, and the nutrients are recycled into fertilisers. The safety of fertiliser products is ensured in hygiene by heating them to over 70 degrees for at least 1 hour. The treatment destroys e.g. salmonella, e-coli and weed seeds, as well as waste oats.	https://bio10.fi/?page_id=37	LuomuKymppi B, LuomuKymppi A, PeltoKymppi A		PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			LuomuKymppi B	84	10.44	0.67	0.21	0.33		0.035	0.071		22.2		https://bio10.fi/?page_id=137		Static	9	Yes	Not known	Medium	Medium	EU Central	Finland			https://bio10.fi/?page_id=26	CiNURGi project (https://interreg-baltic.eu/project/cinurgi/) and Bio10 website (https://bio10.fi/?page_id=137)	CiNURGi / ongoing project		IUNG
T49	Struvite from waste water by "Canal de Isabel II" process	Technology for P recovery as struvite starting from waste water with crystallization reactor	Urban Wastewater			Urban Wastewater: wastewater (from wase water treatment plant (WWTP)) MgCl2, NaOH		CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC	CMC 1: Virgin material substances and mixtures			Controlled precipitationof struvite in a rising fluidized bed reactor. The fluidization of the bed is achieved by recirculation pumping. The dewatered raw material (sludge liquor) is fed into the lower part of the reactor, where they are diluted with recirculation and injected with MgCl2 (32%) and NaOH (25%). Inside the reactor, struvite precipitation occurs in a controlled manner (small hard granules). At the top of the reactor, an integrated clarifier retains the granules inside the reactor. Struvite particles are collected from the bottom of the reactor, washed, dried, sorted by size and packaged for shipment.	The Nutrient Recovery facility consists of 2 groups of feed pumps, a crystallising reactor and its associated pumps, valves etc., a draining and drying product step, a product sorting and packaging step, a programmable logic controller (PLC) cabinet, an engine control centre, a MgCl2 storage tank and a NaOH storage tank. The process is based on the control of struvite precipitation in a rising fluidized bed reactor. The fluidization of the bed is achieved by recirculation pumping, which is responsible for maintaining a constant upward velocity in the reactor regardless of the flow. The inlet of the feed and the dosing of the reagent take place in the injection line to the reactor. The efficiency of the struvite crystallization reaction is usually around 90%. The draining of the dehydration and the clarification of the flotation are fed into the lower part of the reactor where they are diluted with recirculation and injected with MgCl2 (32%) and NaOH (25%). Inside the reactor the struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) precipitates in a controlled way in small hard granules. At the top of the reactor, an integrated clarifier retains the granules inside the reactor. The effluent is sent to a tank from where it is pumped to the primary decantation of the WWTP. Struvite particles are collected from the bottom of the reactor, washed, dried, sorted by size and packaged for shipment.The Struvite Recovery System of the Madrid Sur WWTP is designed to recover phosphate from a combined feed, in the range from 50 to 120 m3/h maximum anaerobic digested sludge, dehydration overflows and flotation overflows.	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_252	Crystal Green® (struvite)	Effluent for discharge	PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer						5	12.2			9					https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_251	2 t/day	Static	9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Southwest	Spain / Madrid; UE 27		1) The required permits include: a permit for sewage treatment and for the construction of a treatment plant on the site where it will be located, issued by the local authority. 2) Purchase of a license for Ostara's Pearl® Technology.	Canal de Isabel II https://www.canaldeisabelsegunda.es/	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_252 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_251 https://www.ostara.com/products/crystal-green/	NUTRIMAN / project completed		IUNG
T50	Struvite from digested sludge and wastewater by "NuReSys" process	Technology for P recovery as pelletized struvite starting from digested sludge and wastewater with "NuReSys" crystallisation process	Urban Wastewater	Industrial side-streams		Urban Wastewater: wastewater, sewage sludge	Urban Wastewater: dewatered sludge, digested sludge (digestate dewatering liquor, digestate, wastewater)	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC				Phosphorus precipitation from wastewater treatment plants at the outlet, controlled struvite growth and struvite crystallization (stripper/crystaliser combination), gravimetric separation. or Phosphorus precipitation directly from digested sludge, using a stripper for pH control and a stirred tank reactor with MgCl2 addition for active struvite formation, gravimetric separation.	NuReSys technology for biological phosphate removal (preventing uncontrolled struvite formation) can be applied on digested sludge or dewatering liquids. The NuReSys technology wants to tackle these operational problems by controlling the struvite crystallization process. Advantages are scaling prevention (based on limiting free soluble phosphate) and improvement of dewatering of the bio solids, reducing the phosphorus load returning to the head of the municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTP). This process allows continuous recovery of phosphorus in a reactor with complete mixing. The crystallization reactor is equipped with a simple blade impeller, and a specially developed and fully automated control algorithm ensures optimal pH (8-8,5), reagent dosing and variable mixing intensity. In this way, new crystalline matter grows on existing crystals and prevents unwanted scale formation on the impeller or reactor. The formed struvite granules are removed by intermittent blowing. The appropriate pH for struvite crystallization is guaranteed by an aeration system that induces CO2 stripping. The classical application of struvite precipitation is on the municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTP) at the outlet of the dewatering or on industrial water wastewater treatment plants at the outlet of an UASB reactor. The process can run in two different modes. The first approach - a straight forward stripper/crystalliser combination can be installed. Struvite harvesting is quite simple because the struvite, at 1,7 specific density, can easily be separated from the effluent. The second approach directly applied on digested sludge is a stripper for pH control and stirred tank reactor with MgCl2 addition to promote active struvite formation. The produced struvite pellets is a pure, contaminant free product ready for direct reuse or by preference as commodity product to be blended in with other nutrients to obtain an equilibrated nutrient ratio. This pure crystalline product has non-detectable heavy metal content or well below admitted levels (Zn). The NuReSYS process achieved phosphorus reduction from 85% to approximately 96% and production of struvite particles with variable size from 2 to 6 mm.	https://nuresys.com/technology/	Biostru© (struvite)		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer					≤1.00	5	12.2			9.04			98-100	1700	https://bio-stru.com	0,1-2,5 tons/day	Static	9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Southwest	Belgium / Flanders		1) Patented Integrated Phosphate Management (IPM) technology. 2) Loss of waste status.	NuReSys http://www.nuresys.com	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_294 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_293	NUTRIMAN / project completed	NuReSys is currently one of the major phosphorus technology providers, with 9 operational units in Europe on municipal sludge processing and agro-industrial wastewater.	IUNG
T51	Struvite from digestate and manure by "REVAWASTE" process	Technology for P recovery as struvite starting from digestate coming from methanogenic reactor and manure with "REVAWASTE" crystallisation process	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: livestock manure and slurry	Agricultural Biomasses: pig manure digestate MgCl2, NaOH	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate	CMC 1: Virgin material substances and mixtures			Introducing the digestate l (after anaerobic fermentation) into the crystallization unit, adding magnesium salt (usually MgCl2), mixing the digestate and reagents using a fluidized bed reactor, converting the digestate to struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate).	The digestate leaving the methanogenic reactor (after anaerobic digestation) is introduced into a crystallisation unit and converted to struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate). To carry out the reaction, it is necessary to add a magnesium salt (usually MgCl2) to the digestate. This technology allows a good mixing of the digestate and the reagents by means of the fluidised bed reactor. The reaction yields for struvite crystallisation are typically between 80-90%. The products obtained are a gas (a mixture of biogas and syngas) with which electric energy is produced and two fertiliser products, struvite and biochar (obtained as solid by-product in the thermo-chemical process). The technology is suitable for installation in waste treatment center.		Struvite	mixture of biogas and syngas (energy content 6.5 kWh·m-3 and 8.5 kWh·m-3, respectively), biochar	PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer						5.0	12.2								https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_250	1 t/day	Static	7	Yes	No	High	Low	EU Southwest	Spain/province of Tarragona; EU 27		1) The technology is installed together in the waste treatment center where the digestate is generated. Therefore, the authorisation should bewaste treatment facility permits. 2) The cost of manufacturing the product will depend on the amount of waste. CAPEX: 0.5 M€ capacity for anaerobic digestion: 6,000 m3/y pig manure. 3) The installation exists on a pilot scale. 4)The fertiliser product is not placed on the market (TRL 6). 5) Complies with EU Fertilizer Regulations. In the absence of approval of the framework for the new facultative European regulation on fertilizing products. In many countries, struvite cannot currently be used as a biofertilizer, as it is classified as waste. So far, the product is accepted as a fertilizer in the UK and the Netherlands.	Fundación CARTIF https://www.cartif.es/	https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/technology/id_258 https://nutriman.net/farmer-platform/product/id_250	NUTRIMAN / project completed		IUNG
T52	Aerobic conversion (composting)	An aerobic conversion process relies on microorganisms that thrive under aerobic conditions, i.e. where plenty of oxygen is available and a sufficient amount of feedstock is present. An example is composting, which is a microbiological process in which heterogeneous organic material is oxidised and broken down into compost, CO2, H2O and heat in a set-up where air passes through a heap (pile, mound) of porous, solid material. Although composting can occur spontaneously in the field (for example, in mown verge grass), the process referred to here is controlled composting. It is often carried out with forced ventilation (through a ventilator) in a container, hall, or open air. The aim of composting is to produce a stable final product, free of pathogens and germinable weed seeds. The composting process proceeds through three phases: i) mesophilic 10-45°C, ii) thermophilic 45-70°C and iii) maturation (curing). As composting is a kind of biological combustion process, heat is emitted, which can also be used. The heat also causes water to evaporate, and the material becomes drier, and many pathogens and seeds of weeds are exterminated due to the high temperature (70°C). The process takes a few weeks.	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: agri-food sludge	Municipal Biowaste: digestate, compost	CMC 2: Plants, plant parts or plant extracts	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate	CMC 6: Food industry by-products		Composting begins with the mixing of the compost matrices, which are placed in trays and turned periodically. Turning spontaneously initiates aerobic fermentation, where any pathogens are neutralised by the controlled temperatures generated by the process itself. Once the thermophilic phase is over, the curing phase begins, during which the product is placed in heaps for about 60 days to complete the natural process of stabilisation and humification of the organic matter. To be sold, the compost is sifted to 20-30 mm for better spreading with a conventional manure spreader. The final product is dark brown in colour and has the consistency of manure. It has the typical forest floor smell of composted products, although non-persistent. Econat® composted soil improver from agri-food chain scraps is made from biodegradable scraps exclusively from the agri-food industry, transformed into an environmentally sustainable product for modern agriculture, which is increasingly seeking to reduce the use of synthetic fertilisers.	Composted soil improver from agri-food chain scraps is a compost specifically for agricultural use, made from cuttings, prunings, bio-digestate from Caviro Extra's anaerobic biogas production process, and agri-food sludge. This fertiliser is produced by the natural decomposition of organic matter, which is transformed through a process of bio-oxidation.		ECONAT- ACFA- mixed composted soil improver	biogas	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver					23-33	7,1-8,5	0,35-1	0,5-1							https://enomondo.it/en/natural-fertilisers/acfa/		Static/Mobile	9	Yes	Not known	Low	Medium	EU Southwest	Italy			https://caviroextra.it/ https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=122145800768543680&id=61566310415065&_rdr https://enomondo.it/en/natural-fertilisers/	https://mainstreambio-digital-toolkit.eu/catalogue_business_model/1689321771181x368089406492831300?lang=en_us&intro=yes&solution=business_models&business=feedstock&repository=audio_visual&tech=biochemical&technology=feedstock	MAINSTREAMBIO / project completed	Enomondo, a joint venture between Caviaro Extra and Herambiente, contributes to the valorization of agro-industrial and green waste through the production of rewenable energy and natural tertilizers ( ACM, ACV,ACFA). ACFA ECONAT has obtained the C.I.C. Quality Compost Premium Brand.	IUNG
T53	Anaerobic digestion	Anaerobic digestion which convert winery waste and moweing waste into biogas and bioethanol. As a by-product, they obtain fertilizers.	Municipal Biowaste			Municipal Biowaste: winery waste	Municipal Biowaste: moweing waste	CMC 2: Plants, plant parts or plant extracts				The waste and by-products from CAVIRO’s wine production are combined with mowing waste material collected by in the local area. Feedstock is supplied to the anaerobic digestor. The outputs include biofuels as biogas and bioethanol. Another part is converted to thermal energy and electricity, creating a virtuous circle between industrial production and energy from renewable sources. Organic parts of biomass and waste from industrial farming are treated to produce natural fertilizers. The different types of natural fertilizers return to the field, closing a virtuous cycle. Packaging is designed to use more sustainable materials.	Composting begins with the mixing of the matrices which are placed in flooring and turned over periodically.The turning spontaneously triggers the aerobic fermentation in which any pathogens are inactivated by the controlled temperatures generated by the process itself. At the end of the thermophilic phase, the curing phase begins and the product is stored for about 60 days in heaps to end the natural stabilisation and humification process of the organic matter. The compost is sifted to obtain a finer and more homogeneous product. The final product has the consistency of soil and the smell of the undergrowth soil typical of composted products. The mixed composted soil improver ECONAT is obtained by enhancing the input biodegradable scraps and transforming it into an eco- sustainable product for modern agriculture which has an increasing tendency to reduce the use of synthetic fertilisers.		ECONAT- ACM- mixed composted soil improver		PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver					22-34	2-2,4	0,31-0,50	0,35-0,70							https://enomondo.it/en/natural-fertilisers/acm/		Static	9	Yes	Not known	High	Low	EU Southwest	Italy			https://caviroextra.it/ https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=122145800768543680&id=61566310415065&_rdr https://enomondo.it/en/natural-fertilisers/	https://mainstreambio-digital-toolkit.eu/catalogue_business_model/1689321771181x368089406492831300?lang=en_us&intro=yes&solution=business_models&business=feedstock&repository=audio_visual&tech=biochemical&technology=feedstock	MAINSTREAMBIO / project completed	Enomondo, a joint venture between Caviaro Extra and Herambiente, contributes to the valorization of agro-industrial and green waste through the production of rewenable energy and natural tertilizers ( ACM, ACV,ACFA). ACM ECONAT has obtained the C.I.C. Quality Compost Premium Brand.	IUNG
T54	Aerobic conversion (composting)	The incoming cuttings and prunings are shredded and sifted to produce a fine fraction for further processing. Created by the natural decomposition of organic matter, which is transformed through a process of bio-oxidation.	Municipal Biowaste			Municipal Biowaste: green landscape waste (greenery raw materials)	Municipal Biowaste: green landscape waste (greenery raw materials)	CMC 2: Plants, plant parts or plant extracts				The incoming cuttings and prunings are shredded and sifted to produce a fine fraction for further processing. The composting process takes place in heaps in a sealed area, where they are periodically turned with a mechanical shovel to promote oxidation and spontaneous fermentation. After a period of approximately 120 days, the product is transferred to a covered area where it is cured before being refined by sieving. The resulting compost has the consistency of topsoil, a dark brown colour, and the typical forest floor smell of composted products. Econat® green composted soil improver makes it possible to valorise incoming ligno-cellulosic scraps by transforming them into an environmentally sustainable product suitable for both conventional and organic agriculture. It improves the soil by adding high quality humified organic matter, enhances the development of micro-organisms, and adapts to all types of crops, also aiding their root development.	The composted soil improver originates in the natural decomposition of the organic matter which is transformed through a bio-oxidation process.		ECONAT-ACV- green composted soil improver		PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver					22-26	1,2-1,8	0,17-0,26	0,83-1							enomondo.it/en/natural-fertilisers/acv/		Static/Mobile	9	Yes	Not known	Low	High	EU Southwest	Italy		availability of raw materials	https://caviroextra.it/ https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=122145800768543680&id=61566310415065&_rdr https://enomondo.it/en/natural-fertilisers/	https://mainstreambio-digital-toolkit.eu/catalogue_business_model/1689321771181x368089406492831300?lang=en_us&intro=yes&solution=business_models&business=feedstock&repository=audio_visual&tech=biochemical&technology=feedstock	MAINSTREAMBIO / project completed	Enomondo, a joint venture between Caviaro Extra and Herambiente, contributes to the valorization of agro-industrial and green waste through the production of rewenable energy and natural tertilizers ( ACM, ACV,ACFA). ACV ECONAT has obtained the C.I.C. Quality Compost Premium Brand	IUNG
T55	Valorization of by-products of the aquaculture industry	Valorization of by-products of the aquaculture industry, obtaining biobased fertilisers (BBF)	Blue Biomasses			Blue Biomasses: fish by-products, aquaculture sludge (fish sludge and dead fishes)		CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC				separation into solid and liquid fractions; solid fraction - biodrying (organic additive ) or combustion (recover P from ashes) and recover NH3 from biodrying (ammonium salts); liquid fraction - several concentration processes -ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis and freezing concentration	The sludge is separated into solid and liquid fractions. Solid fraction valorization is conducted by applying the biodrying process, aiming to reduce the water content and obtain a nutrient-rich biodried product to be used as an organic amendment. It is also expected the combustion of this product to recover phosphorus from the ashes to produce phosphoric acid. The feasibility of recovering the volatilized ammonia during the biodrying to produce ammonium salts will be also evaluated. The liquid fraction from sludge is being valorized by using several concentration processes, including an ultrafiltration (UF) system to separate solid particles present in the liquid fraction. The permeate produced by UF passes through the reverse osmosis (RO) system to concentrate the nutrients. The RO concentrate generated is subsequently processed in a freezing concentration (FC) unit, where the water is crystallized, and the nutrients are recovered in a nutrient-rich concentrate product. Moreover, a high-quality RO permeate with potential to be reused in the aquaculture industry facilities is also produced.		Bio-based fertilisers	high-quality permeate																		Static	5	No	Not known	High	Medium	EU Southwest	Spain			BETA Technological Centre (UVIC-UCC) https://betatechcenter.com/	https://sea2landproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/SEA2LAND_9.4-Practice-Abstracts-M18.pdf (p. 69)	SEA2LAND / project completed		IUNG
T56	Ammonia and carbon concentrated products from pig/cattle/poultry manure	Ammonia sulphate from pig and cattle manure	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: pig slurry and cattle manure		CMC 1: Virgin material substances and mixtures				1. Pre-treatment: liquid manure stored and filtered. 2. Heated to 60°C. 3. NaOH added to raise pH to 10. 4. Stripping 5. Scrubbing (Stripped NH₃ bubbled through 50% H₂SO₄) 5. Collection of ammonium sulphtate.	1. Ammonia volatilisation by heating and pH increase. 2. Air-stripping to carry NH₃ gas. 3. Chemical scrubbing with H₂SO₄	https://www.fertimanure.eu/en/publication/consult/64	liquid N and liquid K, solid amendment,	FR-LK, FR-BC	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			FR-AS	0.3	0.3	16.2	0.3	0.3	4.5	0.0007	42.9		30.3			0,188 ton/year	Static/Mobile	6	Yes	Not known	Medium	Low	EU Southwest	France		PIlot scale	https://www.fertimanure.eu/en/publication/consult/64	https://www.fertimanure.eu/en/publication/consult/64	FERTIMANURE/project completed	FERTIMANURE	IUNG
T57	Biochar from poultry manure	Drying and thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) of manure in oxygen-free environment to stable carbon-rich biochar	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: poultry manure		CMC 14: Pyrolysis And Gasification Materials				Dryin to 70% DM, slow pyrolysis in 550-700°C and N₂ flushing	Before the pyrolysis process, manures were dried to reach a DM content at least of 70% fresh weight. The pyrolysis pilot used an endless screw to move the substrate forward. The process was carried out as “slow pyrolysis process” with a temperature of 700°C for poultry manure and 550°C for solid phase of digestate. Residence time was between 25 to 30 min for both tested manures. Anaerobic conditions were ensured by continue injection of N₂ (between 15 to 20 NL/min) to reach an oxygen content below 2%. Pyrolysis by-products were biochar (FR-BC) and pyrolysis gases. The gases were evacuated to a flare where they were burned.	https://www.fertimanure.eu/en/publication/consult/64	FR-BC	FR-AS, FR-LK	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			FR-BC	70	37	2	2	6.25	3.75	1.77	0.83		96			4,2-7,2 ton/year	Mobile	6	Yes	Not known	Medium	Low	EU Southwest	France		PIlot scale	https://www.fertimanure.eu/en/publication/consult/64	https://www.fertimanure.eu/en/publication/consult/64	FERTIMANURE/project completed	FERTIMANURE	IUNG
T58	Pyrolysis plant of cattle dung	Pilot plant process for BBFs prduction from cattle dung to biochar.	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: livestock manure and slurry		CMC 14: Pyrolysis And Gasification Materials			65 ton/year	Cattle dung pre-treatment, thermochemical conversion to biochar	The targeted BBFs of the pilot plant are the phosphorous rich biochar produced from Thermo-Catalytic Reforming of dried cattle dung.	https://www.fertimanure.eu/en/publication/consult/64	DE-BC, DE-AP	Heat & electricity for dryer, TCR and other parts	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			DE-BC - biochar	52.3	39.5	1	3	9.56	2.3	0.7	0,25		99.6			65 tonnes/year	Static	7	Yes	Not known	Medium	Medium	EU Central	Germany		Thechnology is as a the pilot plant.	https://www.fertimanure.eu/en/publication/consult/64	https://www.fertimanure.eu/en/publication/consult/64	FERTIMANURE/project completed		IUNG
T59	Pyrolysis plant of cattle dung	Pilot plant process for BBFs prduction from cattle dung to mono-ammonium phosphate.	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: livestock manure and slurry		CMC 14: Pyrolysis And Gasification Materials			8 ton/year	Cattle dung pre-treatment, thermochemical catalytic reforming (TCR) of dried cattle dung and the mono-ammonium phosphate on perlite obtained from the MAP reactor.	The recovery of ammonia from the pyrolysis gas through scrubbing was only tested and demonstraded on a smaller-scale plant.	https://www.fertimanure.eu/en/publication/consult/64	DE-AP, DE-BC	Heat & electricity for dryer, TCR and other parts	PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer			DE-AP - Ammonium phosphate on perlite	0.09	0	12.3	20		0.005	0.36	0		0.99			8 tonnes/year	Static	5	No	Not known	Low	Low	EU Central	Germany		Thechnology is as a the pilot plant.	https://www.fertimanure.eu/en/publication/consult/64	https://www.fertimanure.eu/en/publication/consult/64	FERTIMANURE/project completed		IUNG
T60	BBFs by stripping/scrubbing	Pilot plant process for BBFs prduction fromanimal slurry to ammonium sulfate/nitrate.	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: livestock manure and slurry		CMC 14: Pyrolysis And Gasification Materials			285 - 85 300 tonne/year	1. Manure Separation: Identical to BE-AN – mechanical separation into LF and SF. 2.Composting: SF is composted. 3. LF Processing: A portion of LF goes to the stripping-scrubbing unit. 4. Stripping Process: pH raised with NaOH and heated to encourage NH₃ volatilisation. 5. NH₃ Transfer: Ventilated air captures NH₃ and moves it to the scrubbing column. 6. Scrubbing: NH₃ gas is scrubbed with sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), forming ammonium sulphate (BE-AS). 7. Product Recovery: BE-AS solution is collected. 8. LF Post-treatment: Scrubbed LF is rejoined with remaining LF and further processed biologically.	Using H₂SO₄ as the absorbing agent to produce a fertiliser with sulphur content. Ammonia volatilisation via chemical/thermal induction; absorption in sulphuric acid. Separation → pH/thermal conditioning → NH₃ transfer → scrubbing. Requirements for Optimal Performance: pH between 7.5–9; temperature 42–55 °C; adequate H₂SO₄ dosing	https://www.fertimanure.eu/en/publication/consult/64	BE-AS, BE-AN, BE-AW		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer			BE-AS Ammonium sulphate - liquid	0.26	0.23	21	0.01	0.2	0.2	0.01	23		35			285 - 85 300 tonne/year	Mobile	7	Yes	Not known	Medium	Medium	EU Southwest	Belgium		Thechnology is as a the pilot plant.	https://www.fertimanure.eu/en/publication/consult/64	https://www.fertimanure.eu/en/publication/consult/64	FERTIMANURE/project completed		IUNG
T61	BBFs by stripping/scrubbing	Pilot plant process for BBFs prduction fromanimal slurry to ammonium nitrate.	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: livestock manure and slurry		CMC 14: Pyrolysis And Gasification Materials			285 tonne/year	1. Pig and cattle manure is collected and separated via centrifugation into solid (SF) and liquid (LF) fractions. 2.The SF is composted separately. 3. A portion of the nitrogen-rich LF is directed to the ammonia stripping-scrubbing unit. 4. LF is treated by raising pH (using NaOH) and temperature (42–55 °C) to volatilise NH₃. 5. NH3 is removed by forced ventilation (1000–1800 m³/h, 0.2–0.8 m/s). 6. The volatilised NH3 gas is absorbed in nitric acid (HNO3), forming ammonium nitrate (BE-AN) 7.The resultant BE-AN solution is collected and stored. 8. Scrubbed LF is mixed with untreated LF and processed via biological nitrification-denitrification.	NH₃ recovery through thermal and chemical desorption and acid absorption. Centrifugation, pH/temperature conditioning, air stripping, scrubbing with HNO₃. Mechanical separation → chemical conditioning → NH₃ gas transfer → acid neutralisation. Requirements for Optimal Performance: pH between 7.5–9; temperature 42–55 °C, adequate NaOH dosing.	https://www.fertimanure.eu/en/publication/consult/64	BE-AN, BE-AS, BE-AW		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer			BE-AN Ammonium nitrate - liquid	0.23	0.03	40	0.01	0.14	0.1	0.02	0.095		39			285 tonne/year	Mobile	7	Yes	Not known	Medium	Medium	EU Southwest	Belgium		Thechnology is as a the pilot plant.	https://www.fertimanure.eu/en/publication/consult/64	https://www.fertimanure.eu/en/publication/consult/64	FERTIMANURE/project completed		IUNG
T62	Ammonia and acarbon concentrated products from pig/cattle/poultry manure	Pilot plant process for BBFs prduction from animal slurry directly on field.	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: livestock manure and slurry		CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials			724 tonne/year	1. Collected from an anaerobic digestion facility. 2. LF from digestate is heated to evaporate water and release NH₃.3. NH₃-rich vapor is condensed and captured in water. 4. Resulting in a weak ammonium water solution (BE-AW).	NH₃ captured in condensed water after LF evaporation. Thermal evaporation, NH₃ release, condensation. Digestate evaporation → NH₃ gas capture → water absorption → storage.	https://www.fertimanure.eu/en/publication/consult/64	BE-AW, BE-AN, BE-AS		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer			BE-AS Ammonium water - liquid		1.9		0.1	3	1	0.2	1.8					724 tonne/year	Mobile	7	Yes	Not known	Medium	Medium	EU Southwest	Belgium		Thechnology is as a the pilot plant.	https://www.fertimanure.eu/en/publication/consult/64	https://www.fertimanure.eu/en/publication/consult/64	FERTIMANURE/project completed		IUNG
T63	Struvite from zootechnical wastewater and digestates purification	Treatment of zootechnical wastewater and digestates to reduce emissions and struvite production	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses:zootechnical wastewater	Agricultural Biomasses: digestation waste	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC			Clarification of the digested sludge in a solid-liquid separator, microfiltration, crystallization in a concentric reactor, increasing the pH by removing CO2 and alkalization, struvite precipitation, collection of the product from the bottom of the reactor.	Anaerobic digestion involves the mineralization of part of the organic nitrogen present in animal excrements to ammonium nitrogen and part of the organic phosphorus to inorganic orthophosphate (PO4 3-). Therefore, the waste from anaerobic digestion is an optimal matrix for the process of nitrogen and phosphorus recovery through precipitation and crystallization of struvite (ammonium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate - MgNH4 PO4 6H2 O). The digested sludge is clarified by a solid-liquid separator and collected in a tank. Then it is pumped to a cylindrical crystallization reactor (the main element of the process), concentric to the inverted conical reactor, where the next phase of struvite precipitation takes place (retention time was 7 hours). Struvite is collected from the bottom, while the clarified supernatant is discharged through the upper end. The blower forces air through a porous cup into a cylindrical crystallization reactor, which has the dual function of mixing and increasing pH by removing CO2. The alkaline pH of the wastewater increases the efficiency of the struvite precipitation process (alkalization with 30% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution in combination with the addition of 15% MgCl₂ solution). A 40-micron microfiltration system was installed before the precipitation and crystallization reactor to ensure that the initial crystallization process using the wastewater was free from suspended solids and coarse particles that would hinder the formation of struvite.	https://www.nutri-know.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/GOI_Opuscolo_STRUVITE.pdf (p. 3)	Struvite		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer																	Static	7	No	Yes	High	Low	EU Southwest	Italy, Emilia-Romagna		1) For areas where there is a large number of livestock farms 2) It promotes the relocation of excess nitrogen and phosphorus from areas with a high level of animal breeding to areas characterized by a demand for mineral fertilizers 3) The possibility of reducing the emission of ammonia, methane and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere both in the storage and distribution phases	Centro Ricerche Produzioni Animali - CRPA Soc. Cons. p. A. http://struvite.crpa.it/	https://www.nutri-know.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/GOI_Opuscolo_STRUVITE.pdf https://eufarmbook.eu/en/contributions/661ea295957f6433af637260 https://eufarmbook.eu/en/contributions/661f794ead7afadbfd522b0a https://eufarmbook.eu/en/contributions/6620df110beeac6e7e3858f9 https://eufarmbook.eu/en/contributions/661f7b42ad7afadbfd522bd0 https://eufarmbook.eu/en/contributions/661f748cad7afadbfd52292c	NUTRI-KNOW / project ongoing	LCA: https://www.nutri-know.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/GOI_Opuscolo_STRUVITE.pdf (p. 5-7) https://eufarmbook.eu/en/contributions/661f7ea60beeac6e7e38160f	IUNG
T64	Ammonium sulfate by GAS LOOP	Air washing system from ammonia emissions in pig farming by producing ammonium sulphate solution using a GAS LOOP	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: ammonia emissions in pig farming		CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009			In a pig farm with an average live weight of 1,150 t (approximately 10,500 fattening places), 16.8 t N/year could be recovered, with a consequent reduction in emissions of 20.3 t NH3/year (1.94 kg NH3/animal place per year).	Chemical absorption of ammonia from air by counter-current washing with an acid reagent (H2SO4) in a tower with packing bodies. The formed, a stable ammonium sulphate (suspension (NH4)2SO4) is collected in a tank at the base of the washing tower. When the ammonium sulphate suspension reaches a nitrogen content of about 6%, it is partially extracted and the level is automatically restored with water from the water supply.	The device draws ammonia-rich air from the stable through suction channels located below the slatted floor. The treatment is based on the chemical absorption of ammonia by counter-current washing with an acid reagent in a tower with packing bodies. The ammonia-rich air rises in the tower sucked by a centrifugal fan, while a washing solution containing dilute sulfuric acid rains down from above. The sulfuric acid (H2SO4) reacts with ammonia (NH3) to form a stable suspension of ammonium sulphate ((NH4)2SO4) that accumulates in a tank at the base of the washing tower. The device was equipped with a pH control system for the washing solution because the absorbed ammonia has a buffering effect on the acid solution and the treatment efficiency would be compromised when neutral pH is reached. When the correct pH value of 4.5 is exceeded, a dosing pump is activated, which draws new acid until the pH is restored to a value of 4. When the ammonium sulphate suspension in the tank reaches a nitrogen content of approximately 6% (which corresponds to a 28% ammonium sulphate solution), it is partially extracted and the level is automatically restored with water from the water supply. Suitable filling bodies, by wetting and incorporating the acidic ammonia capture solution into the interstices, serve to increase the contact surface, increasing washing efficiency. A demister, located in the upper part of the tower, allows any droplets to condense, preventing them from being carried over. The treatment system has been implemented with sensors and logic for continuous operation (24 hours a day, 7 days a week).	https://www.nutri-know.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/GAS-LOOP_CRPA_Opuscolo.pdf (p. 2)	Liquid ammonium sulfate	heat	PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer					1.2	4.9										300 liters/ton of body weight per year	Static	8	Yes	Yes	Medium	Medium	EU Southwest	Italy, Reggio Emilia		In winter and summer, the removal of ammonia from the air is associated with poor efficiency.	Centro Ricerche Produzioni Animali - CRPA Soc. Cons. p. A. https://gasloop.crpa.it/ https://ammonia.crpa.it/	https://www.nutri-know.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/GAS-LOOP_CRPA_Opuscolo.pdf https://www.nutri-know.eu/operational-group/gasloop/ https://gasloop.crpa.it/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=22324 https://www.nutri-know.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/SN_01_2022_p30_33.pdf https://eufarmbook.eu/en/contributions/66213953ad7afadbfd527ba6 https://eufarmbook.eu/en/contributions/66213a1e6711e677db51123f https://sway.cloud.microsoft/8e3pYfx2NrcN6HmU?ref=Link&loc=play https://eufarmbook.eu/en/contributions/66213aa4ad7afadbfd527c0e	NUTRI-KNOW / project ongoing		IUNG
T65	Ammonium nitrate		Liquid fraction of manure (slurry) or digestate. Manure can be from pigs, cows or poultry.			Treated manure	Treated manure	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Ammonium (NH4+), present in manure and digestate, is in balance with ammonia (NH3), which is volatile. Under the influence of pH and temperature, the ratio of ammonia to ammonium can be increased so that the ammonia nitrogen can volatilize more quickly. By blowing in air, the volatile ammonia is removed from the liquid fraction and the nitrogen (N) can be recovered. The air from the stripper, enriched with ammonia, is chemically bound to nitric acid in the scrubber into ammonium nitrate.			Ammonium nitrate		1.C.I	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver					9.0-18.0		0.001-0.003			0.003-0.061					2-8 m³ liquid fraction/hour		8	No	Not know	Medium		EU Southwest	Flanders, Belgium				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T66	Ammonium sulphate		Liquid fraction of manure (slurry) or digestate. Manure can be from pigs, cows or poultry.			Treated manure	Treated manure	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Ammonium (NH4+), present in manure and digestate, is in balance with ammonia (NH3), which is volatile. Under the influence of pH and temperature, the ratio of ammonia to ammonium can be increased so that the ammonia nitrogen can volatilize more quickly. By blowing in air, the volatile ammonia is removed from the liquid fraction and the nitrogen (N) can be recovered. The air from the stripper, enriched with ammonia, is chemically bound to nitric acid in the scrubber into ammonium nitrate.			Ammonium sulphate		1.C.I	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver					5.0-7.0		0.001-0.003			7-9 S; 23-25 SO3		67-85 fresh weight			2-8 m³ liquid fraction/hour		8	1	Not know	Medium		EU Southwest	Flanders, Belgium				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T67	Animal Bone Char BIO-NPK-C		Biological by-products			Cattle bones and other inputs are an unexploited biomass	Cattle bones and other inputs are an unexploited biomass	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				The core treatment element of the animal bone char (ABC) BIO-NPK-C compound biofertiliser is the 3R zero emission and energy independent novel pyrolysis process where crude animal bone meal is high temperature treated and converted into refined animal bone char with unique characteristics that is economical high nutrient density 35 P2O5 content and fully macroporous structure, which material is then further biotech formulated. In the safe 3R process no chemicals are used and solely biological origin natural materials are applied. The standard factory output industrial capacity of the ABC BIO-NPK-C compound biofertiliser is 25,000 t/y per installation. The ABC BIO-NPK-C compound biofertiliser is creating high financial and non-financial values and market competitive benefits for the user.			Animal Bone Char BIO-NPK-C		Depending on compostion and porperties: PFCs 1.A.I, 3.A, or 6.B	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			50.0 DM	50.0 DM	Formulated by user demand	35 P2O5									25 000 tonnes output/year per unit, regionally decentralized, year round production		8		Not know	Medium		EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	Europe				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T68	Biochar		Treated manure			Raw manure or digestate. Manure can be from pigs, cows or poultry.	Raw manure or digestate. Manure can be from pigs, cows or poultry.	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Biochar is produced by heating biomass in the total or partial absence of oxygen. Pyrolysis is the most common technology employed to produce biochar. The process of thermal decomposition of organic materials in an oxygen-free environment under the temperature range of 250-900°C.			Biochar		N.A.	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			39.3 organic C FM	39.3 organic C FM	1.5	1.1	3.7	0.28	0.00069			7.8 fresh weight					8		Not know	Medium		EU Southwest	Flanders, Belgium				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T69	Champost		Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses	Mixture of mushroom substrate (horse manure, straw, chicken manure, gypsum, water) and casing soil (peat and sugar beet scum) after growth of mushrooms and high temperature treatment.	CMC 10							Champost		PFC 3A				214 g		6.3 g	4 g P2O5/kg	8.7 g K2O/kg										9		Not know	Medium		EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	Europe			https://vilt.be/nl/nieuws/champignontelers-kampen-met-groot-gebrek-aan-arbeidskrachten	FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T70	Biochar		Biowaste			Two major fractions are garden and park waste & food and kitchen waste. Which are infinitely available	Two major fractions are garden and park waste & food and kitchen waste. Which are infinitely available	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				The stages of the process are: 1. Physical separation of improper materials (sieving/shorting). 2. Drying of the pretreated biowaste (BW) at least 85 dry solids 3. Pyrolysis of the pretreated BW and separation of the biochar from the rest of the products obtained. An alternative is to treat the BW by anaerobic digestion, and use the solid fraction of the digestate obtained as raw material for pyrolysis. In this case, it is necessary to previously dry said solid fraction.			Biochar		Depending on composition and properties: PFC 1.A.I or PFC 3.A.	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			37.4 organic C FM; 44.4 Organic C DM	37.4 organic C FM; 44.4 Organic C DM	2.8 N FM; 3.3 N DM from food waste	1.4 P2O5 FM; 0.7 P DM (from food waste)	0.9 K2O DM (from food waste) 0.75 K DM	5.2 Ca DM (from food waste)	0.5 Mg DM (from food waste)			10-20 fresh weight					8		Not know	Medium		EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	Europe				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T71	Composted animal manure		Treated manure			Raw manure or solid fraction of raw manure/digestate/activated sludge	Raw manure or solid fraction of raw manure/digestate/activated sludge	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials			4.3 M tonnes/year	Biothermal drying (composting) is a natural process in which living organisms (bacteria, funghi, protozoa, etc.) convert fresh organic matter under controlled conditions and in the presence of oxygen into homogeneous, stable and humus-rich (organic matter) compost.			Composted animal manure		N.A	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			4.1 OM	4.1 OM	2	3 P2O5	1.8 K2O	5.7 CaO	1.5 MgO	1.8 SO3		45 fresh weight			841 000 tonnes/year (current capacity of the 15 plants in Flanders)		9	15 in Flanders	Not know	Medium	medium	EU Southwest	Flanders, Belgium		Potentially solid-liquid separation pre tratment		FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T72	Composted animal manure		Treated manure			Treated manure from cattle, pig and poultry Infinite source	Treated manure from cattle, pig and poultry Infinite source	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Solid-Liquid (SL) separation, and subsequent composting of the solid fraction obtained. - The SL separation stage may not be necessary depending on the humidity of the manure, since it is highly variable depending on the type (cattle manure, pig slurry, etc.). - Before composting, an anaerobic digestion (AD) stage can be carried out (with or without previous SL separation). The digestate is dewatered, and the solid fraction is composted.			Composted animal manure		N.A	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			35.0 organic C DM	35.0 organic C DM	1.6 N FM; 2.3 N DM	0.8 P2O5 FM; 0.5 P DM	1.4 K DM	1.3-6.4 Ca DM	0.4-0.9 Mg DM			10-40 fresh weight			Centralised and decentralised production, capacity from farm-scale to >60,000 tonnes/yr		9	1486 installations	Not know	Medium		EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	Europe				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T73	Composted bio-waste (food waste and green compost)		Biowaste			Food waste and green waste	Food waste and green waste	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials			3.2 M tonnes/year	Biothermal drying (composting) is a natural process in which living organisms (bacteria, funghi, protozoa, etc.) convert fresh organic matter under controlled conditions and in the presence of oxygen into homogeneous, stable and humus-rich (organic matter) compost.			Composted bio-waste (food waste and green compost)		3.A	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			19.8 organic C FM; Avg.: 28.3; Italian law: >20 Organic C / dry weight.	19.8 organic C FM; Avg.: 28.3; Italian law: >20 Organic C / dry weight.	1.4 N FM; Average: 1.8-2.2 DM No limit according to Italian law.	0.8 P2O5 FM; 0.8-1.4 P2O5 DM; No limit according to Italian law.	1.1 K2O FM; 1.3-1.7 K2O DM. No limit according to Italian law.	3.1 Ca	0.7			25-32 fresh weight; Italian law: < 50 fresh weight			870 000 tonnes/year		9	294	Not know	Medium	medium	EU Southwest	Italy			NATURLAND	FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY	https://www.naturland.de/es/productores/proyectos/investigacion-y-redes/fer-play.html	CETENMA
T74	Composted bio-waste (food waste and green compost)		Biowaste			Food waste and green waste	Food waste and green waste	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Biothermal drying (composting) is a natural process in which living organisms (bacteria, funghi, protozoa, etc.) convert fresh organic matter under controlled conditions and in the presence of oxygen into homogeneous, stable and humus-rich (organic matter) compost.			Composted bio-waste (food waste and green compost)		3.A	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			Reg. (EU) 2019/1009 limit: > 7.5 Organic C / wet weight	Reg. (EU) 2019/1009 limit: > 7.5 Organic C / wet weight	According to Reg. (EU) 2019/1009 no limit applies	According to Reg. (EU) 2019/1009 no limit applies	According to Reg. (EU) 2019/1009 no limit applies					Reg. (EU) 2019/1009 limit: < 80 w.w.					8	About 2200	Not know	Medium		EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	EU27				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T75	Composted bio-waste (green compost)		Biowaste			Biowaste such as food and garden waste	Biowaste such as food and garden waste	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Bio-waste (food waste and garden waste) can be composted either aerobically or anaerobically therefore producing a fertiliser or soil enhancer.			Composted bio-waste (green compost)		3.A	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			34.5 organic C FM; 59.5 OM (for organic compost)	34.5 organic C FM; 59.5 OM (for organic compost)	2.8 N (for organic compost)	2.6 P2O5 FM; 1.2 P (for organic compost)	2.4 K2O FM; 2.0 K (for organic compost)	0.68 Ca (for organic compost)		12.45 S (for organic compost)		30 fresh weight			17.6 M tonnes/year is produced in EU27. In 2016, in the Netherlands, over 75 kg of compost from biowaste was produced per person. In Flanders and Austria between 45-50 kg of compost was produced per person in 2016.		9	3800 composting plants for biowaste treatment across the EU27, CH, NO & UK (88 of these plants solely treat biowaste)	Not know	Medium		EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	Europe				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T76	Composted bio-waste (green compost)		Biowaste			5 M tonnes green waste/year in Germany	5 M tonnes green waste/year in Germany	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Biothermal drying (composting) is a natural process in which living organisms (bacteria, funghi, protozoa, etc.) convert fresh organic matter under controlled conditions and in the presence of oxygen into homogeneous, stable and humus-rich (organic matter) compost.			Composted bio-waste (green compost)		3.A	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			25.2 organic C FM; 36.0 DM	25.2 organic C FM; 36.0 DM	0.7 N FM	0.2 P FM	0.5 FM	2.2 Ca FM	0.3	0.06-0.12 S FM		30 fresh weight			Year round production		8		Not know	Medium		EU Central	Germany				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T77	Composted digestate		Digestate			Co-digestion anaerobic plant using diverse feedstocks	Co-digestion anaerobic plant using diverse feedstocks	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials			180 M tonnes/year	For digestate to be composted, other feedstocks are generally used, such as garden waste. Practically, some AD plants compost their raw digestate, while other compost the solid fraction of the digestate after it undergoes a solid/liquid separation. Biothermal drying (composting) is a natural process in which living organisms (bacteria, funghi, protozoa, etc.) convert fresh organic matter under controlled conditions and in the presence of oxygen into homogeneous, stable and humus-rich (organic matter) compost.			Composted digestate		3.A or 1.A.I/1.A.II - depending on nutient content	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			11.6 organic C FM; 40.0 OM DM	11.6 organic C FM; 40.0 OM DM	1.1 N FM; 2.1 N DM	7 P2O5 FM; 0.6 DM	7.0 K2O FM; 1.2 DM	2.85 Ca DM	0.49	0.24 DM		50 fresh weight			Year round production		9	19 000 AD plants. Composting unknown	Not know	Medium		EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	Europe				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T78	Composted digestate from food waste and green waste		Digestate			3 million tonnes of food waste and 0.4 million tonnes of green waste in Italy	3 million tonnes of food waste and 0.4 million tonnes of green waste in Italy	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Biothermal drying (composting) is a natural process in which living organisms (bacteria, funghi, protozoa, etc.) convert fresh organic matter under controlled conditions and in the presence of oxygen into homogeneous, stable and humus-rich (organic matter) compost.			Composted digestate from food waste and green waste		3.A	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			19.8 organic C FM; Average: 28.3; Italian law: >20 Organic C / dry weight.	19.8 organic C FM; Average: 28.3; Italian law: >20 Organic C / dry weight.	1.54 N FM; Average: 2.2 DM. No limit according to Italian law.	0.8 P2O5 FM; 1.4 P2O5 DM; No limit according to Italian law	1.1 K2O FM; 1.7 K2O DM. No limit according to Italian law.	3.1	0.7						920 000 tonnes/year		9	58	Not know	Medium		EU Southwest	Italy			CIC	FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY	https://www.mater.polimi.it/en/cic-biowaste-italia-2/	CETENMA
T79	Composted sewage sludge		Sewage sludge			Sewage sludge is a renewable resource, it is never composted alone, but usually with green and food waste.	Sewage sludge is a renewable resource, it is never composted alone, but usually with green and food waste.	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Biothermal drying (composting) is a natural process in which living organisms (bacteria, funghi, protozoa, etc.) convert fresh organic matter under controlled conditions and in the presence of oxygen into homogeneous, stable and humus-rich (organic matter) compost.			Composted sewage sludge		3.A	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			17.2 organic C FM; Average: 27.7; Italian law: >20 Organic C / dry weight.	17.2 organic C FM; Average: 27.7; Italian law: >20 Organic C / dry weight.	1.6 N FM; Average: 2.5 N DM; No limit according to Italian law.							Average: 38 fresh weight; Italian law: < 50 fresh weight			427 000 tonnes/year, Decentralised production all year round		9	62	Not know	Medium		EU Southwest	Italy				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T80	Composted sewage sludge		Sewage sludge			Sewage sludge is a renewable resource, it is never composted alone, but usually with green and food waste.	Sewage sludge is a renewable resource, it is never composted alone, but usually with green and food waste.	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Biothermal drying (composting) is a natural process in which living organisms (bacteria, funghi, protozoa, etc.) convert fresh organic matter under controlled conditions and in the presence of oxygen into homogeneous, stable and humus-rich (organic matter) compost.			Composted sewage sludge		3.A	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			17.2 organic C FM; Average: 27.7; Italian law: >20 Organic C / dry weight.	17.2 organic C FM; Average: 27.7; Italian law: >20 Organic C / dry weight.	1.6 N FM; Average: 2.5 N DM; No limit according to Italian law.							Average: 38 fresh weight; Italian law: < 50 fresh weight			427 000 tonnes/year, Decentralised production all year round		9	62	Not know	Medium		EU Southwest	Italy			CIC	FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY	https://www.mater.polimi.it/en/cic-biowaste-italia-2/	CETENMA
T81	Enriched biosolids with struvite		Digestate			Digested sludge from municipal treatment	Digested sludge from municipal treatment	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Struvite crystallisation process: struvite is produced in a CSTR with agitation and pH control. Mg salt is dosed according to the selected molar dosage ratio Mg/P.			Enriched biosolids with struvite		No regulation as it is discarded as waste	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			2.1 organic C FM; 1.8-2.0	2.1 organic C FM; 1.8-2.0	0.1 N FM	0.2 P2O5 FM			1.0			80-82 fresh weight; 44 g/m³			401.5 tonnes/year		9	1	Not know	Medium		EU Southwest	Nieuwegein, The Netherlands				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T82	Feather meal		Biological by-products			Hygienized feathers	Hygienized feathers	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Feather meal is a byproduct of poultry processing. Poultry feathers are treated by thermal hydrolysis, dried and crushed.			Feather meal		1.A.I	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			48.4 FM organic C; 92.7 OM	48.4 FM organic C; 92.7 OM	9.9 N FM; 11.0 N	0.8 P2O5 FM; 0.4 P	1.8 K2O FM; 1.6 K	0.85	0.18	1.40 S					Year round production		9		Not know	Medium		EU Central					FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T83	Hair powder pellets		Biological by-products			Hygienized pig bristles	Hygienized pig bristles	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials							Hair powder pellets		1.A.I	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			48.9 FM organic C; 93.6 OM	48.9 FM organic C; 93.6 OM	12.3 N FM	1.1 P2O5 FM; 0.5 P	0.3 K2O FM; 0.3 K	0.99	0.09	1.79 S					Year round production		9		Not know	Medium		EU Central					FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T84	Horn grit/horn chips		Biological by-products			Hygienized horns and hoofs	Hygienized horns and hoofs	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials							Horn grit/horn chips		1.A.I	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			46.2 FM organic C; 88.5 OM	46.2 FM organic C; 88.5 OM	13.3 N FM	0.8 P2O5 FM; 0.4 P	0.3 K2O FM; 0.3 K	1.32	0.15	2.26 S					Year round production		8		Not know	Medium		EU Central	Germany				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T85	Hydrochar		Biowaste			Two major fractions are garden and park waste & food and kitchen waste. Which are infinitely available	Two major fractions are garden and park waste & food and kitchen waste. Which are infinitely available	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				The stages of the process are: 1. Physical separation of improper materials (sieving/shorting). 2. Mixing of the pre-treated biowaste (BW) with water and hydrothermal carbonization of the mixture. 3. Solid-Liquid separation of the carbonised media. 4. Treatment of the liquid fraction and dewatering-drying of the solid fraction. An alternative is to treat the BW by anaerobic digestion, and use the digestate (undried) as feedstock for hydrothermal carbonization.			Hydrochar		Depending on composition and properties: PFC 1.A.I or PFC 3.A.	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver					2.05 N FM; 0.2-3.9 N DM	3 P2O5 FM; 0 - 2.8 P DM	0-0.29 K2O DM; 0-0.24 K DM	5.7	1.3	0.1-0.7 S DM		0.2 fresh weight					8	Some pilot scale plants. Some pilot-scale HTC (hydrothermal carbonization) plants have been constructed (Ingelia, HTCycle, Terranova Energy, Ava CO2). Some full-scale projects have been developed with different biomass wastes, such as sewage sludge, animal manure, biowaste, lignocellulosic biomass and mixed residues.	Not know	Medium		EU Southwest	Europe				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T86	K-struvite		Urban wastewater			Urban wastewater is infinitely available	Urban wastewater is infinitely available	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Source-separated human urine is considered one of the most important target effluents to produce K-struvite. Urine is present in urban wastewater; however, the studies were performed with synthetic water (synthetic human urine). Based on the literature reports, it became clear that some aspects need further research to improve the technology. The precipitation of K-struvite is characterized by great complexity due to its solubility and the substances that inhibit the process. These problems have been greatly facilitated by modeling studies. However, solving these research problems in lab studies is a crucial issue if the technology is to be suitable for real effluents. In addition, to apply K-struvite as a slow-release fertilizer, technological improvements are required to produce high purity crystals and large dimensions (so that they can be easily recovered). The formation of fine crystals is the most frequent problem during precipitation applications. Although some laboratory tests have been carried out (with widely disparate technologies), efforts continue to improve this type of recovery and reduce operational inconvenience. Review about different proof of concept: Is K-Struvite Precipitation a Plausible Nutrient Recovery Method from Potassium-Containing Wastes? (Kabda¸slı et al., 2022).			K-struvite		1.C.I.a.ii	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver						8.1 P2O5 FM; 3.6 P DM	14.7 K DM								Year round productivity		3		Not know	Medium		EU Central	None (Lab scale)				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T87	K-Struvite		Treated manure			Veal manure	Veal manure	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Precipitation of K-struvite in the liquid fraction obtained in the dewatering process consisting of raising the pH and subsequent addition of Mg2+. NH4+ competes with K+ to precipitate with PO43- and Mg2+, so the NH4+/K+ ratio of the liquid fraction is relevant. In this sense, some manures, are more appropriate than others. Growth of crystals, settling, dewatering, washing and drying of crystals.			K-Struvite		1.C.I.a.ii	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			0.6 organic C FM	0.6 organic C FM		28.4 P2O5 FM; 12.5 P	5.9 K2O FM; 5.2 K	1.8	13.2						1500 tonnes/year		9	1 in the Netherlands	Not know	Medium		EU Southwest	Putten, The Netherlands				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T88	K-struvite		Digestate			Anaerobic digestion of several organic and biodegradable wastes	Anaerobic digestion of several organic and biodegradable wastes	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				1. Dewatering of the digestate. 2. Precipitation of K-struvite in the liquid fraction obtained in the dewatering. Process consisting of raising the pH and subsequent addition of Mg2+. NH4+ competes with K+ to precipitate with PO43- and Mg2+, so the NH4+/K+ ratio of the liquid fraction is relevant. In this sense, some digestates, such as the digestate from manure, are more appropriate than others. 3. Growth of crystals, settling, dewatering, washing and drying of crystals.			K-struvite		1.C.I.a.ii	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver																	0	0	Not know	Medium		EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	Europe				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T89	digestate		Liquid fraction of Digestate			Co-digestion anaerobic plant using diverse feedstocks	Co-digestion anaerobic plant using diverse feedstocks	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Digestate is obtained after the anaerobic digestion of organic feedstocks in a reactor. In order to retrieve the liquid phase of the digestate, a phase separation process is required. It separates the liquid phase from the solid fraction of the digestate. Several technologies are available: belt press, sieve drum, screw press, sieve or decanter centrifuge, and possibly with the use of chemicals to boost separation. It is important to note that the separation process might impact the characteristic of the solid and liquid fractions. Furthermore, some plants also apply a treatment to the liquid fraction such as ammonia-stripping. The liquid fraction of digestate contains high residual of organic compounds.			Liquid fraction of digestate		0	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			2.0 organic C FM; 70.0 OM	2.0 organic C FM; 70.0 OM	0.5 N FM; 9.0 TKN	0.01-1.4 P2O5;	0.026 K2O FM; 5.2 K2O	0.015	0.05 Mg	0.03		>95 fresh weight			80-90 of the digestate is liquid fraction		9	19 000	Not know	Medium		EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	Europe			coldiretti	FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY	https://www.coldiretti.it/	CETENMA
T90	Solid fraction of digestate		Digestate			Co-digestion anaerobic plant using diverse feedstocks	Co-digestion anaerobic plant using diverse feedstocks	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Digestate is obtained after the anaerobic digestion of organic feedstocks in a reactor. In order to retrieve the liquid phase of the digestate, a phase separation process is required. It separates the liquid phase from the solid fraction of the digestate. Several technologies are available: belt press, sieve drum, screw press, sieve or decanter centrifuge, and possibly with the use of chemicals to boost separation. It is important to note that the separation process might impact the characteristic of the solid and liquid fractions. Solid fractions of digestate contain more phosphorous. In this database, the data on the solid fraction of the digestate are gathered for the after source separation, and not for the further processing of the solid fraction using for instance composting methods.			Solid fraction of digestate		ambuguous (1.A.I or 1.A.II)	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			27.4 organic C FM; 23.0-95.0 OM	27.4 organic C FM; 23.0-95.0 OM	2.1 N FM; 1.2-3.0 N DM	3 P2O5 FM; 0.4-3.5 P DM;	21.0 K2O FM; 0.1-5.0 DM	0.7-6.5	0.2-2.0 Mg DM	0.4-2.0		15-25 fresh weight			10-20 of the digestate is solid fraction		9	19 000	Not know	Medium		EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	Europe			ACR+	FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY	https://www.acrplus.org/en	CETENMA
T91	Liquid fraction of digestate		Digestate			Co-digestion anaerobic plant using diverse feedstocks	Co-digestion anaerobic plant using diverse feedstocks	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Digestate is obtained after the anaerobic digestion of organic feedstocks in a reactor. In order to retrieve the liquid phase of the digestate, a phase separation process is required. It separates the liquid phase from the solid fraction of the digestate. Several technologies are available: belt press, sieve drum, screw press, sieve or decanter centrifuge, and possibly with the use of chemicals to boost separation. It is important to note that the separation process might impact the characteristic of the solid and liquid fractions. Furthermore, some plants also apply a treatment to the liquid fraction such as ammonia-stripping. The liquid fraction of digestate contains high residual of organic compounds.			Liquid fraction of digestate		0	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			2.0 organic C FM; 70.0 OM	2.0 organic C FM; 70.0 OM	0.5 N FM; 9.0 TKN	0.01-1.4 P2O5;	0.026 K2O FM; 5.2 K2O	0.015	0.05	0.03		>95 fresh weight			80-90 of the digestate is liquid fraction		9	19 000	Not know	Medium	medium	EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	Europe			https://systemicproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/Factsheet-product-liquid-fraction-digestate.pdf	FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T92	Meat-, bonemeal		Biological by-products			Pasteurized, pressure sterilized, dried meat bone meal	Pasteurized, pressure sterilized, dried meat bone meal	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Meat- and bonemeal are byproducts from the rendering industry. Slaughterhouse waste is ground, heated, percolated and further ground.			Meat-, bonemeal		1.A.I	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			48.1 FM organic C; 92.2 OM	48.1 FM organic C; 92.2 OM	9.0 N FM	7.3 P2O5 FM; 3.6 P	0.7 K2O FM; 0.6 K	7.9	0.25	0.97		0			Year round production		9		Not know	Medium		EU Central	Germany				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T93	Mineral concentrate		Treated manure			Liquid fraction of manure (slurry) or digestate. Manure can be from pigs, cows or poultry.	Liquid fraction of manure (slurry) or digestate. Manure can be from pigs, cows or poultry.	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Mineral concentrate is produced via membrane separation. After a solid-liquid separation, the liquid fraction is processed further to remove particles. The cleaned effluent enters reverse osmosis, where water is pushed under pressure through semi-permeable membranes, leading to a concentrate of minerals and a permeate (clean water).			Mineral concentrate		1.C.I.b.ii	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			2.4 organic C FM; 1.0-10.0 OM	2.4 organic C FM; 1.0-10.0 OM	0.6-10 N	0.4 P2O5 FM; 0.01-0.3 P	9.5 K2O FM; 0.8-15 K					97 fresh weight			20 000-135 000 m³/year		9	5 in Flanders in 2021	Not know	Medium		EU Southwest	Flanders, Belgium			INAGRO	FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY	https://www.in-agro.com/	CETENMA
T94	Mineral concentrate		Treated manure			Liquid fraction of manure (slurry) or digestate. Manure can be from pigs, cows or poultry.	Liquid fraction of manure (slurry) or digestate. Manure can be from pigs, cows or poultry.	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials			20 000-135 000 m³/year	Mineral concentrate is produced via membrane separation. After a solid-liquid separation, the liquid fraction is processed further to remove particles. The cleaned effluent enters reverse osmosis, where water is pushed under pressure through semi-permeable membranes, leading to a concentrate of minerals and a permeate (clean water).			Mineral concentrate		1.C.I.b.ii	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			2.4 organic C FM; 1.0-10.0 OM	2.4 organic C FM; 1.0-10.0 OM	0.6-10	0.4 P2O5 FM; 0.01-0.3 P	9.5 K2O FM; 0.8-15 K					97 fresh weight			20 000-135 000 m³/year		9	5 in Flanders in 2021	Not know	Medium		EU Southwest	Flanders, Belgium			https://cdn.digisecure.be/vcm/2022928112135383_rapport-mestverwerking-2021.pdf	FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T95	P-rich ashes		Digestate			Anaerobic digestion of several organic and biodegradable wastes	Anaerobic digestion of several organic and biodegradable wastes	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				1. Dewatering and drying of the obtained digestate. 2. Dried digestate direct combustion. The ashes obtained will contain a large part of the heavy metals contained in the initial digestate. On the other hand, the P from the ashes will be in a less soluble form and available to plants. For this reason, the ashes can be treated in a second stage to recover the P from the ashes, concentrate it and separate it as much as possible from the contaminants. This can be done in two ways: a) Wet-chemical treatment of the ashes. Dissolution of the ashes in an acid medium and subsequent recovery. It also involves the dissolution of part of the heavy metals in the ashes, as well as the Fe and Al present or added as coagulants. These metals can be removed, through various techniques, thus purifying the final product. P recovery yields between 70 and 98. b) Thermal treatment of the ashes. Nutrients can be recovered from ashes by high temperature treatments. Volatile heavy metals such as Zn, Pb, Cd and Hg are separated from the product via the gas phase and further collected in the flue dust, and heavy metals with high boiling points such as Fe, Cu, Ni and Cr are separated in the form of a liquid alloy. P recovery yields between 80 and 98.			P-rich ashes		1.C.I.a.i.	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			1.5 organic C FM; 1.0-3.0 Organic C DM	1.5 organic C FM; 1.0-3.0 Organic C DM		34 P2O5 FM; 0.6-1.3 P DM	2.0 K2O FM; 1.3-2.5 K DM	4.5-6.1	9.3-13.2	0.1-0.5		0.6-3.3 fresh weight					4		Not know	Medium		EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	Europe			https://www.cewep.eu/waste-to-energy-plants-in-europe-in-2019/	FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T96	Solid fraction of digestate		Digestate			Co-digestion anaerobic plant using diverse feedstocks	Co-digestion anaerobic plant using diverse feedstocks	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Digestate is obtained after the anaerobic digestion of organic feedstocks in a reactor. In order to retrieve the liquid phase of the digestate, a phase separation process is required. It separates the liquid phase from the solid fraction of the digestate. Several technologies are available: belt press, sieve drum, screw press, sieve or decanter centrifuge, and possibly with the use of chemicals to boost separation. It is important to note that the separation process might impact the characteristic of the solid and liquid fractions. Solid fractions of digestate contain more phosphorous. In this database, the data on the solid fraction of the digestate are gathered for the after source separation, and not for the further processing of the solid fraction using for instance composting methods.			Solid fraction of digestate		ambuguous (1.A.I or 1.A.II)	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			27.4 organic C FM; 23.0-95.0 OM	27.4 organic C FM; 23.0-95.0 OM	2.1 N FM; 1.2-3.0 N DM	3 P2O5 FM; 0.4-3.5 P DM;	21.0 K2O FM; 0.1-5.0 DM	0.7-6.5	0.2-2.0	0.4-2.0		15-25 fresh weight			10-20 of the digestate is solid fraction		9	19 000	Not know	Medium		EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	Europe			https://systemicproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/Factsheet-product-liquid-fraction-digestate.pdf	FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T97	Composted digestate		Digestate			Co-digestion anaerobic plant using diverse feedstocks	Co-digestion anaerobic plant using diverse feedstocks	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				For digestate to be composted, other feedstocks are generally used, such as garden waste. Practically, some AD plants compost their raw digestate, while other compost the solid fraction of the digestate after it undergoes a solid/liquid separation. Biothermal drying (composting) is a natural process in which living organisms (bacteria, funghi, protozoa, etc.) convert fresh organic matter under controlled conditions and in the presence of oxygen into homogeneous, stable and humus-rich (organic matter) compost.			Composted digestate		3.A or 1.A.I/1.A.II - depending on nutient content	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			11.6 organic C FM; 40.0 OM DM	11.6 organic C FM; 40.0 OM DM	1.1 N FM; 2.1 N DM	7 P2O5 FM; 0.6 DM	7.0 K2O FM; 1.2 DM	2.85	0.49	0.24		50 fresh weight			Year round production		9	19 000 AD plants. Composting unknown	Not know	Medium	medium	EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	Europe			ACR+	FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY	https://www.acrplus.org/en	CETENMA
T98	Solid fraction of manure (after separation)		Treated manure			Pig and cattle manure	Pig and cattle manure	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				One of the most used techniques for manure treatment in Flanders is the separation of the manure in a liquid and a solid fraction. In this way, nitrogen and potassium are concentrated in the liquid fraction and most of the phosphorus and organic matter remains in the solid fraction. To separate manure different techniques are available and the choice depends on the type of manure, the desired end product, the volume of the manure to be separated, etc. In Flanders, centrifuges, screw presses and belt presses are mainly used.			Solid fraction of manure (after separation)		N.A.	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			21.9-24.5 organic C FM	21.9-24.5 organic C FM	0.6-1.3	0.4-1.8 P2O5	0.6 K2O FM; 0.5-0.7 K2O					70-76 fresh weight			300 000 tonnes/year		9	127	Not know	Medium		EU Southwest	Flanders, Belgium				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T99	Spent mushroom substrate		Treated manure			Mixture of mushroom substrate and casing soil. Mushroom substrate is made out of chicken manure, horse manure and/or straw, lime and water.	Mixture of mushroom substrate and casing soil. Mushroom substrate is made out of chicken manure, horse manure and/or straw, lime and water.	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Spent mushroom compost or substrate ("champost" in Dutch) is a by-product of mushroom cultivation. After the cultivation of mushrooms, the mushroom substrate and casing is directly loaded on truck and ready for disposal. From then on, the mixture is called "spent mushroom compost".			Spent mushroom substrate		3.A	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			21.4 OM	21.4 OM	0.6 N	0.4 P2O5	0.9 K2O	4.5	0.24 MgO			53-69 fresh weight			570 000 tonnes mushroom substrate/year 270 000 tonnes champost/year 76 000 tonnes organic champost/year		8	30 mushroom farmers	Not know	Medium		EU Southwest	Flanders, Belgium				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T100	Stabilised sludge		Urban wastewater			Urban wastewater is infinitely available	Urban wastewater is infinitely available	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials			4.1 M tonnes dry solids/year	Stabilised sludge is a sludge that undergoes a stabilisation process in which the contaminants present in the sludge are reduced into less potent forms. There are many "stabilisation" processes (anaerobic digestion being the most popular). Therefore, there is a certain variability in the characteristics of the obtained fertilisers. In addition, the characteristics of the stabilised sludge also depend on the collected wastewater and on the WWTP (wastewater treatment plant).			Stabilised sludge		N.A.	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			7.3 organic C FM	7.3 organic C FM	1.0 N FM; 4.0 N DM	2 P2O5 FM; 3 P DM	1.5 K DM	0.5	1.0 Mg	1.0 S		75 fresh weight			4.1 M tonnes dry solids/year		9		Not know	Medium		EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	Europe				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T101	Struvite		Urban wastewater			Urban wastewater is infinitely available. Partly also possible from organic waste and slaughterhouse waste digestate.	Urban wastewater is infinitely available. Partly also possible from organic waste and slaughterhouse waste digestate.	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Struvite crystallisation process: struvite is produced in a CSTR with agitation and pH control. Mg salt is dosed according to the selected molar dosage ratio Mg/P.			Struvite		1.C.I.a.ii	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			0.6 organic C FM; 1.0 OM DM	0.6 organic C FM; 1.0 OM DM	5.7 N DM	28.6 P2O5 FM; 12.6 P DM			10 Mg			0			250 tonnes/year		9	1	Not know	Medium		EU Southwest	The Netherlands				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T102	Struvite		Urban wastewater			Urban wastewater is infinitely available	Urban wastewater is infinitely available	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials			990-1250 tonnes/year	1. Removal of the P contained in the wastewater through a biological or chemical (precipitation with Fe or Al) process in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The P goes into the sludge stream, partly assimilated in the biomass, and partly dissolved. 2. The further treatment will depend on whether or not the WWTP has an anaerobic digestion (AD) stage. 2.1. In WWTPs without AD, the removal of P is chemical in most cases. In this case, the soluble P fraction in the sludge is low, and may not be enough for the subsequent struvite precipitation step. In that case, pretreatments such as elutriation can be applied, adding volatile fatty acids to release the cellular P, or acidification to redissolve the precipitated P with Fe or Al. 2.2. In the WWTPs with AD, the removal of P from the water would have been biological or a combination of the two procedures in most cases. In this case, in AD, a large part of the P contained in the cells is released, increasing the concentration of soluble P in the digestate. This way, the application of the struvite precipitation process to the digestate is favoured. 3. Dewatering of the sludge stream (whether or not it comes from AD). 4. Precipitation of struvite in the liquid fraction obtained in the dewatering. Process consisting of raising the pH and subsequent addition of Mg2+. 5. Growth of crystals, settling, dewatering, washing and drying of crystals. Struvite precipitation can also be done by acting on the digestate before dewatering, and also on the solid fraction obtained after dewatering. These processes have a higher P recovery potential than treatment of the liquid fraction from dewatering, but will produce precipitates with more impurities, which must be washed and purified.			Struvite		1.C.I.a.ii	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			2.1 organic C FM; 0.3-6.2 organic C DM	2.1 organic C FM; 0.3-6.2 organic C DM	5.7 N DM	15.4 P2O5 FM; 7.5-13.5 P DM	0.06-0.47 K DM	0.5-6.7 Ca DM	5.9-13.1			23-48; avg. 36 fresh weight			990-1250 tonnes/year		9	31 struvite production units in EU	Not know	High		EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	Europe			https://www.phosphorusfacts.eu/images/download/Kabbe_Tech_implementation-Table_20170208.pdf	FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T103	Struvite		Sewage sludge			Sewage sludge from urban or industrial wastewater is infinitely available	Sewage sludge from urban or industrial wastewater is infinitely available	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				The treatment to produce struvite begins with the collection of the wastewater. The streams from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) used for the production of struvite are the sludge supernatants. These streams present the higher phosphate and ammonia concentration in the WWTP. These influents are introduced into a crystalliser with the addition of magnesium chloride and sodium hydroxide. The addition of magnesium chloride is necessary to provide sufficient Mg2+ ions for the precipitation of the struvite. The amount added depends on the magnesium concentration in the reactor and in the feed, and on the molar Mg/P molar ratio. The dosing of the soda is carried out to raise and maintain the pH at an optimal value to promote crystallisation and precipitation. To promote fluidisation of the struvite in the crystalliser, air is also introduced through the lower part of the reactor. After some time with the crystalliser in "production" mode, some of the struvite formed must be extracted.			Struvite		1.C.I.a.ii	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			1.6 organic C FM; 0.4 OM DM	1.6 organic C FM; 0.4 OM DM		14.4 P2O5 FM; 16.0 P2O5 DM		0.13 Ca	0.13 M			10 fresh weight			Year round production		8		Not know	Medium		EU Southwest	Spain				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T104	Struvite		Industrial wastewater			Potato processing wastewater	Potato processing wastewater	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Struvite crystallisation process: struvite is produced in a CSTR with agitation and pH control. Mg salt is dosed according to the selected molar dosage ratio Mg/P.		https://nuresys.com/technology/	Struvite		1.C.I.a.ii	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			0.6 organic C FM; 1.0 OM DM	0.6 organic C FM; 1.0 OM DM	5.7 N DM	28.6 P2O5 FM; 12.6 P DM			10							static	9	1	Not know	Medium	medium	EU Southwest	Nieuwkerke, Belgium			nuresys	FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY	https://nuresys.com/	CETENMA
T105	Struvite		Industrial wastewater			Potato processing wastewater	Potato processing wastewater	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Struvite crystallisation process: struvite is produced in a CSTR with agitation and pH control. Mg salt is dosed according to the selected molar dosage ratio Mg/P.			Struvite		1.C.I.a.ii	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			0.6 organic C FM; 1.0 OM DM	0.6 organic C FM; 1.0 OM DM	5.7 N DM	28.6 P2O5 FM; 12.6 P DM			10								9	1	Not know	Medium		EU Southwest	Warneton, Belgium			Nuresys	FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T106	Struvite		Digestate			Digested sludge from municipal treatment	Digested sludge from municipal treatment	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Struvite crystallisation process: struvite is produced in a CSTR with agitation and pH control. Mg salt is dosed according to the selected molar dosage ratio Mg/P.			Struvite		1.C.I.a.ii	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			5.8 organic C FM; 10.0 max DM	5.8 organic C FM; 10.0 max DM	5.7 N DM	28.6 P2O5 FM; 12.6 P DM			0.1						73 tonnes/year		9	1	Not know	Medium		EU Southwest	Leuven, Belgium				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T107	Struvite		Urban wastewater			Urban wastewater is infinitely available	Urban wastewater is infinitely available	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials			990-1250 tonnes/year	1. Removal of the P contained in the wastewater through a biological or chemical (precipitation with Fe or Al) process in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The P goes into the sludge stream, partly assimilated in the biomass, and partly dissolved. 2. The further treatment will depend on whether or not the WWTP has an anaerobic digestion (AD) stage. 2.1. In WWTPs without AD, the removal of P is chemical in most cases. In this case, the soluble P fraction in the sludge is low, and may not be enough for the subsequent struvite precipitation step. In that case, pretreatments such as elutriation can be applied, adding volatile fatty acids to release the cellular P, or acidification to redissolve the precipitated P with Fe or Al. 2.2. In the WWTPs with AD, the removal of P from the water would have been biological or a combination of the two procedures in most cases. In this case, in AD, a large part of the P contained in the cells is released, increasing the concentration of soluble P in the digestate. This way, the application of the struvite precipitation process to the digestate is favoured. 3. Dewatering of the sludge stream (whether or not it comes from AD). 4. Precipitation of struvite in the liquid fraction obtained in the dewatering. Process consisting of raising the pH and subsequent addition of Mg2+. 5. Growth of crystals, settling, dewatering, washing and drying of crystals. Struvite precipitation can also be done by acting on the digestate before dewatering, and also on the solid fraction obtained after dewatering. These processes have a higher P recovery potential than treatment of the liquid fraction from dewatering, but will produce precipitates with more impurities, which must be washed and purified.		Technology - NuReSys	Struvite		1.C.I.a.ii	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			2.1 organic C FM; 0.3-6.2 organic C DM	2.1 organic C FM; 0.3-6.2 organic C DM	5.7 N DM	15.4 P2O5 FM; 7.5-13.5 P DM	0.06-0.47 K DM	0.5-6.7 Ca DM	5.9-13.1			23-48; avg. 36 fresh weight			990-1250 tonnes/year	static	9	31 struvite production units in EU	Not know	Medium	medium	EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	Europe			Nuresys	FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY	https://nuresys.com/	CETENMA
T108	Tenebrio molitor (insect) frass		Digestate			Wheat bran	Wheat bran	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				The Tenebrio molitor (beetle larva) in its breeding process and through the digestion of the vegetable feed that is provided, generates this frass.			Tenebrio molitor (insect) frass		N.A. potentially 1.A.I	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			42.3 organic C FM	42.3 organic C FM	4.6 N FM; 5.0-5.3	4 P2O5 FM; 4.2-4.3 P2O5 DM	2 K2O FM; 2.6-2.8 K2O DM	0.8-0.9	0.9-1			10 fresh weight			Decentralized production		8	37 farms (Spain)	Not know	Medium		EU Southwest	Spain, but also EU			ASAJA, APROINSECTA	FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY	https://www.asajamurcia.es/, https://www.aproinsecta.org/	CETENMA
T109	Untreated (raw) digestate incl. animal manure		Digestate			Co-digestion anaerobic plant using diverse feedstocks, including manure, which are finite sources	Co-digestion anaerobic plant using diverse feedstocks, including manure, which are finite sources	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials			Decentralised year round capacity	Digestate is obtained after the anaerobic digestion of organic feedstocks in a reactor. The organic material is digested by different groups of microorganisms, which convert large organic compounds in smaller molecules to finally produce methane, carbon dioxide and other gases in small portion. After a period of time in the digester, the remaining organic material is taken out of the reactor and is what is called digestate. Manure was used to produce biogas. The final digestate is spread on the soils without any pre- treatment.			Untreated (raw) digestate incl. animal manure		1.A.II	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			9.8-15.9 organic C FM	9.8-15.9 organic C FM	0.6 N FM	0.07 P FM	0.2 K FM					54			Decentralised year round capacity	static	9	26 co-digestion plants	Not know	Medium	medium	EU North	Sweden			EBA	FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY	https://www.europeanbiogas.eu/ebas-digestate-factsheet-the-value-of-organic-fertilisers/	CETENMA
T110	Untreated (raw) digestate incl. animal manure		Digestate			Co-digestion anaerobic plant using diverse feedstocks, including manure, which are finite sources	Co-digestion anaerobic plant using diverse feedstocks, including manure, which are finite sources	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Digestate is obtained after the anaerobic digestion of organic feedstocks in a reactor. The organic material is digested by different groups of microorganisms, which convert large organic compounds in smaller molecules to finally produce methane, carbon dioxide and other gases in small portion. After a period of time in the digester, the remaining organic material is taken out of the reactor and is what is called digestate. Manure was used to produce biogas. The final digestate is spread on the soils without any pre- treatment.			Untreated (raw) digestate incl. animal manure		1.A.II	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			0.8-1.0	0.8-1.0	0.5-0.6 Mt DM/year	0.17-0.2 Mt DM/year	0.6-0.7 Mt DM/year		7.3-9.5			11.8-13.7			221-2397 M tonnes/year		9	20 000	Not know	Medium		EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	Europe				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T111	Untreated (raw) digestate without animal manure		Digestate			Co-digestion anaerobic plant using diverse feedstocks, excluding manure, which are finite sources	Co-digestion anaerobic plant using diverse feedstocks, excluding manure, which are finite sources	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials			26.5-310.1 M tonnes/year	Digestate is obtained after the anaerobic digestion of organic feedstocks in a reactor. The organic material is digested by different groups of microorganisms, which convert large organic compounds in smaller molecules to finally produce methane, carbon dioxide and other gases in small portion. After a period of time in the digester, the remaining organic material is taken out of the reactor and is what is called digestate. Manure was used to produce biogas. The final digestate is spread on the soils without any pre- treatment.			Untreated (raw) digestate without animal manure		N.A. some processes can comply with 1.A.II if Corg > 5	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver			1.2 organic C FM; 4.2 OM DM	1.2 organic C FM; 4.2 OM DM	0.5 N FM	0.1 P2O5	0.2 K2O	0.32 Ca	0.02 MgO	0.07 SO3		95 fresh weight			26.5-310.1 M tonnes/year		9	2400	Not know	Medium	Medium	EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	Europe				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T112	Vivianite		Urban wastewater			Urban wastewater is infinitely available	Urban wastewater is infinitely available	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Few small-scale (laboratory) studies evaluated the feasibility of vivianite production from urban wastewater. However, the proposed technologies are very different and do not follow the same treatment process: microbial activity (Geobacter metallireducens strain GS-15 and Geobacter and Wastewater biomass) (Azam & Finneran (2014); Wang et al. (2018)); Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) (Li et al., 2017) and Membrane Bioreactor with iron dosing and acidogenic co-fermentation (Li et al., 2018). Design of the studies varies as much as the results. Among these investigations, unfortunately, the purity, size, structure and other specific parameters of the recovered vivianite are not evaluated, nor is it presented how to separate and purify the vivianite. A review of potentials of phosphorous recovery as vivianite from wastewater (Wu et al.m 2019) concluded "Phosphorus recovery from vivianite as an innovative practice has been creatively considered. However, studies on vivianite formation and phosphorus recovery from wastewater are inadequate and still in their infancy."			Vivianite		1.C.I.a.ii	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver						12.1 P2O5 FM; 5.3 DM		Variable	Variable	Variable					Year round productivity		4	0	Not know	Medium		EU Southwest	None (Lab scale)				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T113	Vivianite		Treated manure			Treated manure from cattle, pig and poultry Infinite source	Treated manure from cattle, pig and poultry Infinite source	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Vivianite is formed to a greater or lesser extent in aerobic digesters, especially if some Fe coagulant has previously been added (chemical phosphorus removal in WWTP for example) or to control the formation of H2S in the biogas. Its formation can also be promoted from the addition of Fe (II or III) and subsequent separation (mainly magnetically) of the mineral from the digested sludge. Therefore, in the case of manure as raw material, the production process would imply the previous anaerobic digestion of the manure. The procedures to promote the production of vivianite and its recovery from a digested sludge are still at a low TRL level.			Vivianite		1.C.I.a.i.	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver					1.0 N DM	25.1 P2O5 FM; 9.8 - 12.3 P DM											45447	0	Not know	Medium		EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	Europe				FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T114	Vivianite		Industrial wastewater			Infinite industrial wastewater	Infinite industrial wastewater	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Some laboratory-scale studies have studied the possibility of producing vivianite from industrial wastewater. However, a review of potentials of phosphorous recovery as vivianite from wastewater (Wu et al. 2019) concluded "Phosphorus recovery from vivianite as an innovative practice has been creatively considered. However, studies on vivianite formation and phosphorus recovery from wastewater are inadequate and still in their childhood."			Vivianite		1.C.I.a.i.	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver						23 P2O5 FM; 10.2 ± 0.02									Year round production		4	Only lab and pilot scale	Not know	Medium		EU Central					FERPLAY DATABASE	FERPLAY		CETENMA
T115	Blood hydrolysate	DRY BLOOD HYDROLYSATES	Industrial side-streams			porcine originating blood by local slaughterhouses	blood from other animal	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009			400 L/week processing	Filtration: The incoming blood is filtered using a metallic strainer to remove large impurities like hair, small stones, cartilage, and bone chips. Homogenization: The filtered blood undergoes mechanical homogenization at 600 bar pressure to break down red blood cell membranes and release hemoglobin-rich intercellular material. Hydrolysis: The homogenized liquid is subjected to chemical and/or enzymatic hydrolysis using different enzyme cocktails (exo- and endopeptidases). This process occurs over 3-6 hours at temperatures ranging from 50°C to 60°C and with stirring rates between 100-400 rpm. This step breaks down protein chains, releasing enzymes, active peptides, and free amino acids. Neutralization: The resulting hydrolysate is neutralized to a pH of 9 for improved stability at room temperature.	Once the blood from slaughterhouses has arrived at SAV facilities, the process begins. Overall, the blood hydrolysis process consists in a filtration with a metallic strainer to remove some of the major impurities that could interfere with the process (hair, small stone, cartilage, bone chips…). Afterwards, a mechanical homogenization at 600 bar pressure is done, to physically break every erythrocyte cell membrane and for intercellular material release, which are hemoglobin rich. Once the blood has been homogenized, the entire liquid is subjected to chemical and/or enzymatic hydrolysis (different enzyme cocktails, exo and endopeptidase) at different digestion times (3-6 hours), where chains are broken and enzymes, active peptides and free amino acids are released; Also, ranges of temperature (50oC-60oC) and stirring rate (100-400 rpm) will also be evaluated to develop a cost-effective process. After that a neutralization process will be carried out at pH 9 for longer stability at room temperature.				PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver				>90 (p/p)	51,3 (p/p)	18,9 (p/p)	2,57 (p/p)	1,44 (p/p)										8	Yes	Not known	Medium	Low	EU Southwest	Spain		Regarding the liquid blood hydrolysate, the main barriers identified are the high water content and therefore lower than expected nutrient concentration, and the need for a preservation method.	SAV		bioSOILUTION		CETENMA
T116	Anaerobic digestion	Anaerobic digestion plant of BioKymppi Oy	Municipal Biowaste	Industrial side-streams	Blue Biomasses	Municipal biowaste, Food industry by-products, fish by-products (minor)		CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate	CMC 6: Food industry by-products		20 000 t/year	Anaerobic digestion, digestate separation with a screw press			Digestate solid fraction, Digestate liquid fraction	Energy	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver		Digestate liquid fraction	72		0.53	0.06	0.21		0.2	0.7		4.8	1000		7500 t/year	Static	9	Yes	No	Low	High	EU North	Finland			BioKymppi Oy	CiNURGi-project, company's website https://bio10.fi/	CiNURGi		LUKE
T117	Composting	Fast composting reactor by Biopallo Oy	Industrial side-streams	Municipal Biowaste		Different types of raw materials	Composting support material	CMC 3: Compost			50 t/day (reactor modul potential)	Composting	Short residence time composting reactor		Compost		PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver																	Mobile	8	No	No	Low	Medium	EU North	Finland		Technology is in pilot phase	Biopallo Oy	CiNURGi and previous projects, company's website https://www.en.biopallo.com/	CiNURGi, also previous projects		LUKE
T118	Anaerobic digestion	Anaerobic digestion plant, Biopir Oy	Agricultural Biomasses			Pig slurry		CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate			20 000 t/year	Anaerobic digestion, settling, screw separation			Digestate solid fraction, digestate liquid fraction	Energy	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver		Digestate solid fraction			2.5	1.5	1.6					30	450		800 t/year	Static	9	Yes	Yes	Low	High	EU North	Finland			Biopir Oy	CiNURGi	CiNURGi, other previous projects		LUKE
T119	Anaerobic digestion	Anaerobic biogas plant, Ab Jeppo biogas Oy	Agricultural Biomasses	Industrial side-streams		Pig slurry, agro-food wastes, food industry by-products		CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate	CMC 6: Food industry by-products		150 000 t/year	Anaerobic digestion, wet and dry digestion, screw separation			Digestate from wet process, digestate solid fraction, digestate liquid fraction	energy	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver				1.4	10.8	2.9	5.5					3.7	1010		140 000 t/year	Static	9	Yes	No	Low	High	EU North	Finland			Ab Jeppo biogas Oy	CiNURGi, other previous projects, company's website https://jeppobiogas.fi/	CiNURGi		LUKE
T120	NPHarvest ammonium salt precipitation, phosphorus precipitation	NPHarvest Nutrient Catcher	Urban Wastewater			Urban wastewater, other wastewaters		CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials	CMC 12: Precipitated phosphate salts and derivates			Recovery process includes N stripping with hydrophobic membranes and P precipitation with lime			Ammonium salt, P-Ca precipitate		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver		Ammonium salt			10-20												6	No	Yes	High	High	EU North	Finland, Sweden		Technology in a pilot phase	NPHarvest	https://www.npharvest.fi/en/index.html	CiNURGi	https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/items/b86a3f21-88ba-4d99-af29-a8c4af5c6b00 (PhD thesis); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137227 (LCA)	LUKE
T121	Groot Zevert Vergisting	Anaerobic digestion plant	Agricultural Biomasses	Industrial side-streams		Pig manure	Agro-food industry waste (waste from dairy and feed industry, glycerin)	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009	CMC 6: Food industry by-products		94 000 t/year	Anaerobic digestion, digestate separation with centrifuge, concentration of liquid fraction with reverse osmosis, purification of water (from RO) with ion exchange. Solid fraction tretmen in Re-P-eat -process.	Currently, the digestate is separated trough a decanter in a solid and liquid fraction. The liquid fraction is used as a N-fertilizer on agricultural land in the Netherlands. The solid fraction is, after a hygienization step (60 minutes at 70 °C), exported to neighbouring countries where it is used as an organic P-fertilizer. Part of the digestate is also applied directly on the field in Germany. In collaboration with Nijhuis and Wageningen UR, GZV will implement a system for NK recovery from the liquid fraction (GENIUS) and P recovery from the solid fraction (RePeat). The GENIUS and Re-P-eat processes In GENIUS-NK process, the digestate is separated into a solid and a liquid fraction by means of a decanter. The N-rich liquid fraction will be processed into a nitrogen-potassium (NK-) concentrate and clean water through a combination of DAF and membrane filtration system: micro filtration, reverse osmosis (RO) and ion-exchange(IX). The P-rich solid fraction will be treated with a P-stripper called “Re-P-eat” through a process of acid (H2SO4) and base Ca(OH2) addition. The products of this process will be mineral calciumphosphate (CaP) and a P-poor organic soil conditioner		P-fertiliser (Calsium phosphate), P-poor soil improver, NK-concentrate	Energy, water	PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver	P-fertiliser	45		2.4390243902439024	7.44390243902439	0.5060975609756098					82			The GENIUS installation converted one tonne of digestate into 0.15 tonnes solid fraction, 0.25 tonnes RO concentrate, 0.45 tonne of sludge and 0.15 tonnes dischargeable water	Static	7	Yes	Yes	High	Medium	EU Southwest	The Netherlands	NL22		Groot Zevert Vergisting	https://systemicproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Factsheet-1-GZV.pdf; https://systemicproject.eu/plants/demonstration-plants/groot-zevert-the-netherlands/, https://systemicproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/D2.6-Report-on-LCA_vfin3_220227.pdf	SYSTEMIC		LUKE
T122	AM Power	Anaerobic digestion plant	Municipal Biowaste	Agricultural Biomasses	Agricultural Biomasses	Food waste	Manure, maize	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009	CMC 2: Plants, plant parts or plant extracts	180 000 t/year	Anaerobic digestion, digestate separation wih centrifuge, drying of the solid fraction, concentration of liquid fraction with evaporation, treatment of ammonia water (from evaporator) with reverse osmosis	Currently the process works as follows: • Organic wastes are collected and homogenized in a mixing unit to a substance with a dry matter (DM) content of approximately 20%. • Homogenized feedstock is hydrolysed in a separate unit (with a retention time of 3 days) and fed to a thermophilic digester. • Digestate (9% DM) is sent to a centrifuge for solid/liquid separation. Coagulation and flocculation are favoured by the addition of polymer and iron sulphate. • The solid fraction that contains 90-95% of the initially separated total phosphorous (P) is dried, while the liquid fraction is sent to a flotation and reverse osmosis (RO) unit. Drying of solid fraction is accomplished by recycling waste heat from CHP engines and it requires around 2600 kWh. The resulting product is exported to France. • Before the RO, a flotation step (DAF) reduces the DM content of the liquid fraction to 1.6 - 1.7% DM. The RO step requires the addition of acid (H2SO4 ) to the influent to ensure a good membrane separation. The resulting concentrate is rich in nitrogen and potassium (N and K) and is used as a fertilizer on local agricultural land.		P-rich biosolids, NK-conentrate	Energy, water	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver		Digestate:	43	32.2	3.0000000000000004	3.7302222222222223	1.1066666666666665					90			not available	Static	7	Yes	Yes	High	High	EU Southwest	Belgium	BE25		AM Power	https://systemicproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Factsheet-2-AM-Power-1.pdf, https://systemicproject.eu/plants/demonstration-plants/ampower-flanders-belgium/ https://systemicproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/D2.6-Report-on-LCA_vfin3_220227.pdf	SYSTEMIC		LUKE
T123	Acqua & Sole	Anaerobic digestion plant	Urban Wastewater	Municipal Biowaste		Sewage sludge	Digestate (food waste based)		CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate		72 000 t/year	Anaerobic digestion, ammonia stripping using biogas. NH3-gas is scrubbed with H2SO4 into ammonium sulphate.			Digestate, ammonium sulphate	Energy	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver	PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer		Digestate:		32.2	7.7	2.51136	0.6889					10.5			119 200 t/year digestate, 4000 t/year ammonium sulphate	Static	7	Yes	Yes	Medium	High	EU Southwest	Italy			Acqua & Sole	https://systemicproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Factsheet-3-AS.pdf, https://systemicproject.eu/plants/demonstration-plants/acquasole-italy/, https://systemicproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/D2.6-Report-on-LCA_vfin3_220227.pdf	SYSTEMIC		LUKE
T124	Waterleau NewEnergy	Anaerobic digestion plant	Industrial side-streams	Agricultural Biomasses		Residues from agro-food industry (grain waste, potato waste, glucerine, sludge industrial waste water treatment, other), manure		CMC 6: Food industry by-products	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009		120 000 t/year	Anaerobic digestion, separation with a centrifuge, solid fraction drying, liquid fraction biological aerobic treatment and evaporation (to transfer N to gas phase and to produce K-rich concentrate). NH3-gas is condenced with water into ammonium solution.	The feedstock is heated/mixed up to 40°C and is digested for 30 days (+10 days in the post digester). The digestate is hygienized (1hour 70°C) and separated by a centrifuge. The solid fraction is dried in a Hydrogone® dryer. This is an indirect dryer which can evaporate 1-1,8 tonnes of water per hour. This water goes, together with the liquid fraction of the digestate (15m³/h) to an biological aerobic water treatment for small removal of COD. In the next step (evaporator) ammonium is transferred to the gas phase and a (K rich) solution is concentrated. The ammonia rich gas condenses with the water vapour and anammonium solution is recovered. The dried digestate is exported to France, the concentrated liquid fraction is exported also outside Belgium as fertilizer and ammonium water is used as exhaust gas treatment		Ammonium solution, K-concentrate, dried digestate	Energy	PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver				15 NH4-N (fresh)										1200 t/year	Static	8	Yes	Yes	High	High	EU Southwest	Belgium	BE2		Waterleau NewEnergy	https://systemicproject.eu/plants/demonstration-plants/waterleau-new-energy-be/, https://systemicproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/fact-sheet-Waterleau-New-Energy-pending2.pdf, https://systemicproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/D2.6-Report-on-LCA_vfin3_220227.pdf	SYSTEMIC		LUKE
T125	BENAS	Anaerobic digestion plant	Agricultural Biomasses	Agricultural Biomasses		Energy crops (maize and corn), poultry manure	gypsum	CMC 2: Plants, plant parts or plant extracts	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009		Ammonium sulphate: 4000 t/year, calcium carbonate 1000 t/year, digestate75000 t/yea, production of fibres 1100 t/year;	Anaerobic digestion, ammonia stripping and scribbing of the digestate to produce ammonium sulphate and calcium carbonate, digestate is separated with a screw press to recover fibress and liquid fraction.	Innovation: G (Halle), an engineering company and partner of SYSTEMIC, invented a novel N stripping- and recovery unit. In this approach, ammonia and carbon dioxide are stripped from digestate without chemicals and thereafter brought into contact with gypsum to form ammonium sulphate and calcium carbonate. Digestate leaving the N-stripper is separated by means of a screw press to recover organic fibres with a low ammonium content. The remaining digestate is fed back to the main digester. In 2021, BENAS invested in a fibre moulding and paper making machine for on-site production of, amongst others, biodegradable mulch mats and pots.		Ammonium sulphate, digestate, calcium carbonate	Fibres, energy	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver	PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer	PFC 2 Liming material				4.5 (fresh)					5.8 (fresh)		25			100000 t/year	Static	7	Yes	Yes	High	High	EU Central	Germany			Benas-GNS	https://systemicproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Factsheet-5-GNS.pdf, https://systemicproject.eu/plants/demonstration-plants/benas-germany/, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127408, https://systemicproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/D2.6-Report-on-LCA_vfin3_220227.pdf	SYSTEMIC	Techno-economic assessment can be found: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127408; LCA can be found: https://systemicproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/D2.6-Report-on-LCA_vfin3_220227.pdf	LUKE
T126	S360	Sanitation 360, Urine stabilisation and drying	Urban Wastewater			Separately collected urine					21 L per m2 per day	Addition of stabiliser, urine drying	Use of a urine stabilizer for nutrient retention and odour control. Employing a uniquely designed drying system that concentrates the urine and thereby increases the nutrient concentration (factor > 25x) to an NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) ratio of 15-2-4. Blending and drying to produce solid fertilizer pellets that can be used with conventional farming equipment.		Dry-fertilizer		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer						15 (fresh)	2 (fresh)	4 (fresh)									Static/Mobile	6	Yes	Yes	Medium	Medium	EU North	Sweden	SE21	EU fertiliser legislation does not recognise separated urine as CMC, and the product does not fall into any of the PFCs	The technology to produce the solid urine fertiliser was developed at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) and Sanitation360 (S360), a spinoff from SLU started in 2019. To increase urine collection and to close the circular value, Touch Down (TD), local toilet rental company, and Gotlands Bryggeri, local beer brewer, joined to close the circular value chain.	https://p2green.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Set-up-operation-and-validation-of-Pilot-Regions-1.pdf; https://sanitation360.se/	P2GreeN		LUKE
T127	The Vuna Process		Urban Wastewater			Separately collected urine (also applicable for livestock urine)					Scalable, from 300 users per day	Nitrification, active carbon filtration, conentration and pasteurisation	The urine is the stabilised by nitrification in a biological reactor. This step removes bad odours. To remove all micropollutants, this effluent is filtered in an activated carbon filter. The liquid is then pasteurised and concentrated in an industrial distiller. The two outputs are reusable distilled water and ready to use fertiliser, Aurin.		Aurin	distilled water (can be used to flush the toilets)						0.1 (fresh)	4.2 (fresh)	0.17 (fresh)	1.5 (fresh)			0.32 (fresh)						Static/Mobile	6	Yes	Yes	Medium	High	EU Central	Germany		EU fertiliser legislation does not recognise separated urine as CMC, and the product does not fall into any of the PFCs	Vuna Nexus	https://p2green.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Set-up-operation-and-validation-of-Pilot-Regions-1.pdf; https://www.vunanexus.com/aurin	P2GreeN		LUKE
T128	Fecal compost		Municipal Biowaste	Municipal Biowaste	Agricultural Biomasses	Fecal matter (dry toilet waste), green waste	Biochar (tree cuttings)		CMC 2: Plants, plant parts or plant extracts	CMC 13: Thermal oxidation materials and their derivatives		Sanitisation in aerated container: microbial activity facilitates temperatures of >65°C for >7 days and eliminates pathogens. Composting: De- & Recomposition of solid matter mixed with additional bulk material by automated auger to produce a soil nurturing recycling-fertiliser. Screening of inadequate material.			Compost		PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver																	Static/Mobile	7	Yes	Yes	Medium	High	EU Central	Germany	DE9	EU fertiliser legislation does not recognise fecal compost as CMC	Goldeimer	https://p2green.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Set-up-operation-and-validation-of-Pilot-Regions-1.pdf	P2GreeN		LUKE
T129	Anaerobic digestion	Anaerobic digestion plant of Emomylly Oy	Agricultural Biomasses	Industrial side-streams		Pig manure	Agro-food industry waste	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009	CMC 6: Food industry by-products		14 500 t/year	Anaerobic digestion, digestate separation with a screw press			Digestate solid fraction, digestate liquid fraction	Energy	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver		Solid fraction	45		2.9499999999999997	1.25	1					20			Solid fraction: 800 t; liquid fraction 12 700 t/y	Static	9	Yes	No	Low	High	EU North	Finland	FI19		Emomylly Oy	Luke has mass balances calculated for this installation	RavinneEmo		LUKE
T130	Pelletizing/ Animal proteins, vegetable by-products/ Monterra 2–14–4	Name in LEX4BIO: MO14	Industrial side-streams			Industrial side-streams: food industry by-products (Animal proteins, vegetable by-products)		CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009	CMC 6: Food industry by-products						Monterra 2–14–4 MeMon (Powder)		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer					24.1 (TOC)	2.49	6.74		16.55				91.7		Powder			9	Yes	Yes	Medium		EU Southwest	Netherlands				Hernandez-Mora, A., Duboc, O., Lombi, E., Bünemann, E.K., Ylivainio, K., Symanczik, S., Delgado, A., Zahra, N.A., Nikama, J., Zuin, L. and Doolette, C.L., 2024. Fertilization efficiency of thirty marketed and experimental recycled phosphorus fertilizers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 467, p.142957. https://lex4bio.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Deliverable-3.4.pdf Not sure if this is the extact tested prodiuct: https://seminte-ingrasaminte-turba.ro/product/ingrasamant-organic-monterra-basic-2-14-4ca/	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T131	Pelletizing/ Pelletizing of meat & bone meal/ Biorga Vianos	Pelletising (Sphero technology)/ Name in LEX4BIO: MB1	Industrial side-streams			Industrial side-streams: food industry by-products (MBM)		CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009				Sphero granules technology: With Sphero technology, the smallest particles of the individual nutrients are dissolved and intensively mixed together. The mixture is then pressed through a perforated plate, and the strands are subsequently cut. This creates perfectly cylindrical granules. Each fertilizer grain is the same size and contains the same nutrient composition. Sphero technology affects the nutrients by naturally modifying the organic components and creating synergies within the mixture. This ensures optimal plant absorption of the active ingredients. The cylindrical granules also offer excellent physical properties for users: They are extremely stable, preventing dust, and their uniform size makes them ideal for pouring and spreading.			Biorga Vianos (Powder)		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer				70 (Manufacturer's declaration)	34.3 TOC; (Total C: 36.21)	8.13	6.34		12.9				97.6					9	Yes	Yes	Low		EU Central	Switzerland				https://docs.hauert.com/ch/datasheets/biorga-vianos-20-kg_de.pdf Hernandez-Mora, A., Duboc, O., Lombi, E., Bünemann, E.K., Ylivainio, K., Symanczik, S., Delgado, A., Zahra, N.A., Nikama, J., Zuin, L. and Doolette, C.L., 2024. Fertilization efficiency of thirty marketed and experimental recycled phosphorus fertilizers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 467, p.142957. https://lex4bio.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Deliverable-3.4.pdf Dong, Y., Das, S., Parsons, J.R., Praetorius, A., de Rijke, E., Helmus, R., Slootweg, J.C. and Jansen, B., 2023. Simultaneous detection of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in three types of bio-based fertilizers by an improved QuEChERS method coupled with UHPLC-q-ToF-MS/MS. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 458, p.131992. Das, S., Helmus, R., Dong, Y., Beijer, S., Praetorius, A., Parsons, J.R. and Jansen, B., 2023. Organic contaminants in bio-based fertilizer treated soil: Target and suspect screening approaches. Chemosphere, 337, p.139261.	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T132	Pelletizing/ Hygienization and pelletizing of chicken manure and grape residue / Optisol Universal	Name in LEX4BIO: OPU (Das et al., 2023 mentioned Pyrolysis and Pelletizing as the technologies.)	Agricultural Biomasses	Industrial side-streams		Agricultural Biomasses: Chicken Manure Industrial side-streams: food industry by-products (grape residue)		CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009				"The delivered chicken manure must rest, or rather, work, for at least two to three months. Trained employees ensure that it is repeatedly processed, allowing the heat generated by fermentation to escape. This homogenization process is important because it promotes the drying process and helps naturally eliminate potential germs. The raw material requires only 15 percent residual moisture content for processing into fertilizer pellets. The raw material is dried and dedusted in a belt dryer at around 90 degrees Celsius. A filter ensures that no emissions are released into the environment. Right at the beginning of its homogenization and drying process, the chicken manure is reinforced with grape pomace from the Valais vineyards. These are particularly important for the consistency of the pellets and act as a kind of adhesive in the fertilizer production process. After the homogenization process, the chicken manure is dried in a rotary machine, filtered, and transported to a press via an automatic conveyor belt. Depending on the application or customer requirements, organic or mineral fertilizer components are added to the raw material. This process, based on sustainable processes, produces an environmentally friendly fertilizer for professional agriculture and viticulture in Switzerland over several months."			Optisol Universal (Granular)		PFC 1(B) Organo-mineral fertilizer				68.7 (Agostini et al., 2024); 60 - 65 (Manufacturer's declaration)	32.5 TOC (Total C: 37.3 in Wester-Larsen et al., 2022)	3.01	1.96	2.5 (Manufacturer's declaration)	8.03	0.4 (Manufacturer's declaration)			89.3		https://www.optisol.ch/sites/optisol.ch/files/2018-01/Optisol_Content_Organisch-Bio_1.jpg	"At the Optisol production facility in Vétroz, around 6,000 m3 of chicken manure are received each year and processed into around 3,000 tonnes of fertilizer"		9	Yes	Yes	Low		EU Central	Switzerland				Wester-Larsen, L., Müller-Stöver, D.S., Salo, T. and Jensen, L.S., 2022. Potential ammonia volatilization from 39 different novel biobased fertilizers on the European market–a laboratory study using 5 European soils. Journal of Environmental Management, 323, p.116249. https://www.optisol.ch/sites/optisol.ch/files/Produktbl%C3%A4tter/_deutsch/Optisol_Produktblatt_Universel_de.pdf Hernandez-Mora, A., Duboc, O., Lombi, E., Bünemann, E.K., Ylivainio, K., Symanczik, S., Delgado, A., Zahra, N.A., Nikama, J., Zuin, L. and Doolette, C.L., 2024. Fertilization efficiency of thirty marketed and experimental recycled phosphorus fertilizers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 467, p.142957. Agostini, L., Bünemann, E.K., Jakobsen, C., Salo, T., Wester-Larsen, L. and Symanczik, S., 2024. Prediction of nitrogen mineralization from novel bio-based fertilizers using chemical extractions. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 36, p.103781. Das, S., Helmus, R., Dong, Y., Beijer, S., Praetorius, A., Parsons, J.R. and Jansen, B., 2023. Organic contaminants in bio-based fertilizer treated soil: Target and suspect screening approaches. Chemosphere, 337, p.139261. Dong, Y., Das, S., Parsons, J.R., Praetorius, A., de Rijke, E., Helmus, R., Slootweg, J.C. and Jansen, B., 2023. Simultaneous detection of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in three types of bio-based fertilizers by an improved QuEChERS method coupled with UHPLC-q-ToF-MS/MS. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 458, p.131992.	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T133	AshDec incineration/ Sewage sludge ash and sodium carbonate to CaNaPO4 powder/Na AshDec	Name in LEX4BIO: ADC	Urban Wastewater			Urban Wastewater: sewage sludge	sodium compounds (e.g. Na2CO3)	CMC 13: Thermal oxidation materials and their derivatives	CMC 12: Precipitated phosphate salts and derivates		The processing capaciry is 15.000 t per year.	AshDec® is a thermochemical process designed to convert the low plant available phosphorus compound in the ash (Ca3(PO4)2) to the highly plant available compound CaNaPO4 while reducing the heavy metal content.The core process encompasses feeding ash to a rotary kiln where it is mixed with sodium compounds (e.g. Na2CO3) and a reducing agent, preferably sewage sludge. The material is treated at around 900 °C for 15-20 min. Sodium ions replace calcium ions in the phosphates and formcitrate-soluble CaNaPO4 compounds. Simultaneously, sodium reacts with silicon dioxide present in the ash and forms sodiumsilicates.As reducing agent, preferably sewage sludge is added to reduce theoxidized heavy metals. A noticeable high amount of heavy metalsin their elemental form evaporate at the prevalent temperatures.		https://nutriman.net/sites/default/files/2020-03/398_INFOSHEET_TECHNOLOGY_AshDec.pdf https://www.phosphorusplatform.eu/images/Conference/ESPC2-materials/Hermann%20poster%20ESPC2.pdf	AshDec-Metso Outotec (Powder)		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer					0.5 TOC		8.05	0.33 - 0.8	9.5	1.5			100		https://nutriman.net/sites/default/files/2020-03/398_INFOSHEET_TECHNOLOGY_AshDec.pdf			7	Yes	Yes	High		EU Central	Germany				*https://nutriman.net/sites/default/files/2020-03/398_INFOSHEET_TECHNOLOGY_AshDec.pdf Hernandez-Mora, A., Duboc, O., Lombi, E., Bünemann, E.K., Ylivainio, K., Symanczik, S., Delgado, A., Zahra, N.A., Nikama, J., Zuin, L. and Doolette, C.L., 2024. Fertilization efficiency of thirty marketed and experimental recycled phosphorus fertilizers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 467, p.142957. Pradel, M., Lippi, M., Daumer, M.L. and Aissani, L., 2020. Environmental performances of production and land application of sludge-based phosphate fertilizers—a life cycle assessment case study. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, pp.2054-2070. Raniro, H.R., Soares, T.D.M., Adam, C. and Pavinato, P.S., 2022. Waste‐derived fertilizers can increase phosphorus uptake by sugarcane and availability in a tropical soil#. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 185(3), pp.391-402.	LEX4BIO and Nutriman/ project completed		LUKE
T134	Pyrolysis/ Pyrolyzed chicken manure/ Poultry litter biochar	Name in LEX4BIO: MBC	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: livestock manure (chicken manure)	Agricultural Biomasses: biochar from pyrolsys (Poultry litter biochar)	CMC 14: Pyrolysis And Gasification Materials				energy-free carbonization technology (EFCaR system). This system can self-generate enough heat for carbonization.			Poultry litter biochar (granular)		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer					31.5 TOC; 36.34 Total C	2.94	3.06	5.03	18.05				98.3		Granular			7	No	No	Low			Japan?				Hernandez-Mora, A., Duboc, O., Lombi, E., Bünemann, E.K., Ylivainio, K., Symanczik, S., Delgado, A., Zahra, N.A., Nikama, J., Zuin, L. and Doolette, C.L., 2024. Fertilization efficiency of thirty marketed and experimental recycled phosphorus fertilizers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 467, p.142957. https://lex4bio.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Deliverable-3.4.pdf Müller, B., Herrmann, M.N., Lewandowski, I., Müller, T., Hartung, J. and Bauerle, A., 2024. The Effect of Biobased N and P Fertilizers in a Winter Wheat–Ryegrass Crop Rotation. Agronomy, 14(10), p.2424. Ueda, K., 2019. Energy-Effective Carbonization Technology. Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling, pp.367-376.	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T135	Pyrolysis and fermentation/ Fermented biochar and high-quality clay and rock flour/ Palaterra 6:3:6	Name in LEX4BIO: PAL	Industrial side-streams			Industrial side-streams: wood industry by-products (80% wood biochar pyrolyzed at >600 C)	Industrial side-streams: 10% organic wastes such as residues from food production and 10% mineral compounds such as rock flour	CMC 4: Fresh crop digestate				a fermented biochar containing 80% wood biochar pyrolyzed at >600 C, 10% organic wastes such as residues from food production and 10% mineral compounds such as rock flour; inoculated with a mixture of microorganisms followed by fermentation, which is referred to as “loading” process). Granulating (1–4 mm)			Palaterra		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer				81 (Agostini et al., 2024)	42.8 (Total C)	5.39	0.96	5.49					90.7		https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0378429024002399-mmc1.docx			9	Yes	Yes	High		EU North	Denmark				Wester-Larsen, L., Müller-Stöver, D.S., Salo, T. and Jensen, L.S., 2022. Potential ammonia volatilization from 39 different novel biobased fertilizers on the European market–a laboratory study using 5 European soils. Journal of Environmental Management, 323, p.116249.	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T136	Fermentation and distillation/ wheat and maize residues/ Agrana Bioagenasol 5.5:2.5:1.5	Name in LEX4BIO: BA6	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: crop residue (wheat and maize residues)	Industrial side-streams: bioethanol residues amended with molasses, potato fruit water and maize steeping water.	CMC 4: Fresh crop digestate	CMC 6: Food industry by-products			This product is derived from the fermentation and distillation of wheat, corn, triticale, barley, and other sugar-rich materials. It includes soluble distillers' grains with molasses, grape marc, Potato Nitrogen Concentrate, and corn steep liquor. The process involves drying the residues after alcohol extraction, resulting in a nutrient-rich by-product containing yeast biomass. Additional components like residual molasses (mechanically separated during saccharification) and grape marc (fermentation industry residues) further enrich the final product.			Agrana Bioagenasol		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer				94.9 (Agostini et al., 2024)	48.1 (Total C)	6.14	1.36	1.43					90.7		https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0378429024002399-mmc1.docx			9	Yes	Yes	High		EU Central	Austria				Wester-Larsen, L., Müller-Stöver, D.S., Salo, T. and Jensen, L.S., 2022. Potential ammonia volatilization from 39 different novel biobased fertilizers on the European market–a laboratory study using 5 European soils. Journal of Environmental Management, 323, p.116249. https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0782/9497/4745/files/SchedaTecnica_Bioagenasol.pdf?v=1708413344	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T137	Drying and pelletizing/ Malt germ, malt, minerals and vinasse/ Maltaflor BIO	Name in LEX4BIO: MAL	Industrial side-streams			Industrial side-streams: food industry by-products (Mixture of malt germ, malt, minerals, and vinasse vegetable)		CMC 6: Food industry by-products				Organo-mineral fertilizer based on malt sprouts, vinasse from sugar beets processing and minerals.			Maltaflor BIO		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer				80 (Manufacturer's declaration); 83 (Agostini et al., 2024)	36.6 (Total C)	5.26	0.42	4.29					95.5		https://maltaflor.de/maltaflor-bionic/			9	Yes	Yes	Low		EU Central	Germany				Müller, B., Wester-Larsen, L., Jensen, L.S., Salo, T., Garrido, R.R., Arkoun, M., D'Oria, A., Lewandowski, I., Müller, T. and Bauerle, A., 2024. Agronomic performance of novel, nitrogen-rich biobased fertilizers across European field trial sites. Field Crops Research, 316, p.109486. Albert, S. and Bloem, E., 2025. Antibiotic contamination of fresh organic fertilizers and processed bio‐based fertilizer products. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment, 8(1), p.e70059. Agostini, L., Bünemann, E.K., Jakobsen, C., Salo, T., Wester-Larsen, L. and Symanczik, S., 2024. Prediction of nitrogen mineralization from novel bio-based fertilizers using chemical extractions. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 36, p.103781. https://maltaflor.de/maltaflor-bionic/	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T138	Hydrolysis/ Organic fertilizer based on horn meal from pigs’ bristles/ Daka Øgro N15 (or Øgro N14?)	Name in LEX4BIO: OG2	Industrial side-streams			Industrial side-streams: food industry by-products (horn meal from pigs’ bristles)		CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009							Daka Øgro N15 (or Øgro N14)		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer				95 (Manufacturer's declaration); 94 (Agostini et al., 2024)	51.4 (Total C)	14.79	0.32	0.01						94	https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0378429024002399-mmc1.docx			9	Yes	Yes	High		EU North	Denmark				Wester-Larsen, L., Müller-Stöver, D.S., Salo, T. and Jensen, L.S., 2022. Potential ammonia volatilization from 39 different novel biobased fertilizers on the European market–a laboratory study using 5 European soils. Journal of Environmental Management, 323, p.116249.	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T139	Pelletizing/ Feather meal/ Monterra Bio 13–0–0	Name in LEX4BIO: MO13	Industrial side-streams			Industrial side-streams: food industry by-products (Feather meall)		CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009	CMC 6: Food industry by-products			Monterra Bio 13–0–0			Monterra Bio 13–0–0		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer				85 (Manufacturer's declaration); 98.4 (Agostini et al., 2024)	52.9 (Total C)	15.32	0.22		1 (Manufacturer's declaration)	0.1 (Manufacturer's declaration)	0.7 (Manufacturer's declaration)		92.7		https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0378429024002399-mmc1.docx			9	Yes	Yes	High		EU Southwest	Netherlands				Wester-Larsen, L., Müller-Stöver, D.S., Salo, T. and Jensen, L.S., 2022. Potential ammonia volatilization from 39 different novel biobased fertilizers on the European market–a laboratory study using 5 European soils. Journal of Environmental Management, 323, p.116249. https://memon.nl/?jet_download=0810ebe2650f4bc50b5079e4c37417d05910a330	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T140	Incineration/ Incineration and granulation of sunflower husks/ Ecoplant Humi	Name in LEX4BIO: EPH	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: crop residues (sunflower husks)+ humic substances	Agricultural Biomasses: ash from biomass combustion	CMC 13: Thermal oxidation materials and their derivatives					EcoPlant-Humi® is certified for use in organic farming, meeting standards such as those set by Ecocert and Organic Standard, which align with EEC regulations 834/2007 and 889/2008.	Granular	Ecoplant Humi (Granular)		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer					1.2 TOC (total C is 5.75 in Lex4Bio deliverable 3.4-D16-WP3)	0.13	1.95	25	10.45	7.2	5.5		97.1	1000				8	Yes (Orij Group Ltd.)	Yes	Low		EU Southeast	Ukraine				ecoplant.ua https://meedia.balticagro.ee/Admin/Public/QC+Ecoplant-Humi.pdf Hernandez-Mora, A., Duboc, O., Lombi, E., Bünemann, E.K., Ylivainio, K., Symanczik, S., Delgado, A., Zahra, N.A., Nikama, J., Zuin, L. and Doolette, C.L., 2024. Fertilization efficiency of thirty marketed and experimental recycled phosphorus fertilizers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 467, p.142957. https://lex4bio.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Deliverable-3.4.pdf	LEX4BIO and Nutriman/ project completed		LUKE
T141	Incineration/ Incineration of poultry litter/ BMC Circular PK fertilizer	Name in LEX4BIO:PLA	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: livestock manure and slurry (Turkey litter)	Agricultural Biomasses: ash from biomass (ash Turkey litter)	CMC 13: Thermal oxidation materials and their derivatives				"The PK fertilizer boasts consistent quality because BMC Moerdijk only processes poultry manure. This poultry manure is sourced from farms that meet the EU requirements for keeping poultry. After inspection and receipt, the delivered poultry manure is first mixed well. This manure is then thermally processed in a controlled process at a temperature of over 850°C for two seconds. The PK fertilizer is then stored separately to avoid cross-contamination with poultry manure. The quality of both the poultry manure and the PK fertilizer is examined periodically by an external laboratory using European approved methods for analysing fertilizers."			BMC Moerdijk - Circular PK fertilizer (Powder)		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer					0.5 TOC (0.61 Total C)	0.01	5.23	13 (Manufacturer's declaration)	15.75	5 (Manufacturer's declaration)	6 (Manufacturer's declaration)		92.1		Powder			9	Yes (BMC Moerdijk)	Yes	Low		EU Southwest	Netherlands				https://www.bmcmoerdijk.nl/en/circular-pk-fertilizer/ Hernandez-Mora, A., Duboc, O., Lombi, E., Bünemann, E.K., Ylivainio, K., Symanczik, S., Delgado, A., Zahra, N.A., Nikama, J., Zuin, L. and Doolette, C.L., 2024. Fertilization efficiency of thirty marketed and experimental recycled phosphorus fertilizers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 467, p.142957. https://lex4bio.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Deliverable-3.4.pdf Das, S., Helmus, R., Dong, Y., Beijer, S., Praetorius, A., Parsons, J.R. and Jansen, B., 2023. Organic contaminants in bio-based fertilizer treated soil: Target and suspect screening approaches. Chemosphere, 337, p.139261. Dong, Y., Das, S., Parsons, J.R., Praetorius, A., de Rijke, E., Helmus, R., Slootweg, J.C. and Jansen, B., 2023. Simultaneous detection of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in three types of bio-based fertilizers by an improved QuEChERS method coupled with UHPLC-q-ToF-MS/MS. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 458, p.131992.	LEX4BIO and Nutriman/ project completed		LUKE
T142	Pyrolysis/Drying and pyrolysis of sewage sludge	Name in LEX4BIO: BAG	Industrial side-streams			Urban Wastewater: Sewage sludge	Urban Wastewater: biochar from sludge pyrolysis	CMC 14: Pyrolysis And Gasification Materials				It is a fully automated, continuous process that dries and pyrolyzes biomass. Superheated steam-dryer: A compact, energy-efficient system using 200°C superheated steam in an oxygen-free environment to dry wet biomass odor-free, with heat recovery for local or district heating. High-temperature slow pyrolysis: Dried biomass is heated to 650°C in an oxygen-free oven for 20 minutes, eliminating pollutants and producing thermal energy and hygienized, stable, carbon-rich biochar (over 90% stable carbon content).		https://aquagreen.dk/technology/	Granular sewage sludge based biochar		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer					13.6 TOC	0.76	5.23						99.4					7	Yes	No	Medium		EU North	Denmark				Hernandez-Mora, A., Duboc, O., Lombi, E., Bünemann, E.K., Ylivainio, K., Symanczik, S., Delgado, A., Zahra, N.A., Nikama, J., Zuin, L. and Doolette, C.L., 2024. Fertilization efficiency of thirty marketed and experimental recycled phosphorus fertilizers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 467, p.142957. Technology Confidential Deliverable 2.1 LEX4BIO	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T143	Pelletizing/Hygienization and pelletizing of MBM, apatite, vinasse, chicken manure, and K2SO4/Bio 8-4-2 yara	Name in LEX4BIO: BIO	Industrial side-streams	Agricultural Biomasses		Industrial Side-streams: Apatite, Vinasse, K2SO₄	Agricultural Biomasses: Meat and Bone Meal, Chicken Manure.	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009	CMC 6: Food industry by-products			Bio 8-4-2 yara			Bio 8-4-2 yara		PFC 1(B) Organo-mineral fertilizer				69.4	38.2 (Total C)	7.85	4.25	2.13	8 (this value corresponds to the Fertikal organic fertilizer 4-3-3+1MgO+ME)	1 (this value corresponds to the Fertikal organic fertilizer 4-3-3+1MgO+ME)	1 (this value corresponds to the Fertikal organic fertilizer 4-3-3+1MgO+ME)		94.1		https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0378429024002399-mmc1.docx			9	Yes	Yes	High		EU North	Finland				Wester-Larsen, L., Müller-Stöver, D.S., Salo, T. and Jensen, L.S., 2022. Potential ammonia volatilization from 39 different novel biobased fertilizers on the European market–a laboratory study using 5 European soils. Journal of Environmental Management, 323, p.116249. https://www.yara.fi/contentassets/933fda523d41435ca01181ddbd46f4b1/yara_lannoitevalikoima2021_fi_1910_web.pdf https://www.hankkija.fi/tuotantopanokset/luomutuotanto/lannoitteet/ia-biokierratyslannoitteella-kolmannes-lisaa-satoa-2035381/	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T144	Drying/Hygienization, drying, pressing of Chicken manure/Fertikal organic	Drying and processing (extrusion process)/ Name in LEX4BIO: FEK	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: livestock manure (Chicken manure)		CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009				Fertikal organic			Fertikal organic fertilizer (4-1-2)		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer				68 (Manufacturer's declaration); 69.7 (Agostini et al., 2024)	38.5 (Total C)	4.37	1.44	2.21					90.1		https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0378429024002399-mmc1.docx			9	Yes	Yes	High		EU Southwest	Belgium				Wester-Larsen, L., Müller-Stöver, D.S., Salo, T. and Jensen, L.S., 2022. Potential ammonia volatilization from 39 different novel biobased fertilizers on the European market–a laboratory study using 5 European soils. Journal of Environmental Management, 323, p.116249. https://www.fklfertilizers.be/products/npk-4-3-3/	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T145	Pelletizing/Hygienization and pelletizing of MBM, blood and feather meal/ECOLAN® AGRA ORGANIC 13-0-0	Name in LEX4BIO: ECO	Industrial side-streams			Industrial side-streams: food industry by-products (blood and feather meal)		CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009	CMC 6: Food industry by-products			ECOLAN® AGRA ORGANIC 13-0-0			ECOLAN® AGRA ORGANIC 13-0-0		PFC 1(B) Organo-mineral fertilizer				85 (Manufacturer's declaration); 92.2 (Agostini et al., 2024)	50.8 (Total C)	13							89.2		https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0378429024002399-mmc1.docx			9	Yes	Yes	High		EU North	Finland				Wester-Larsen, L., Müller-Stöver, D.S., Salo, T. and Jensen, L.S., 2022. Potential ammonia volatilization from 39 different novel biobased fertilizers on the European market–a laboratory study using 5 European soils. Journal of Environmental Management, 323, p.116249. https://kierratyslannoitteet.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/ecolan-agra-13-0-01.pdf	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T146	Anaerobic digestion / Sewage sludge and biowaste/ Peltoravinne	biogasification and hygienised/ Name in LEX4BIO: PRV	Urban Wastewater			Urban Wastewater: Sewage sludge		CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009				"Sewage sludge. The raw material has been treated in a biogasification process and sanitized. food waste.The product meets the requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Regulation No. 24/11 for fertilizer products. The product is not approved for use on fresh vegetables, herbs and root spices, home gardens or seedling production (withdrawal period 5 years). The product is not suitable as such as a growing medium, for pasture use or for the production of grass fodder."			Peltoravinne		PFC 1(B) Organo-mineral fertilizer					22.3 TOC	2.93	2.85						25.1					9	Yes	No	Low		EU North	Finland				Hernandez-Mora, A., Duboc, O., Lombi, E., Bünemann, E.K., Ylivainio, K., Symanczik, S., Delgado, A., Zahra, N.A., Nikama, J., Zuin, L. and Doolette, C.L., 2024. Fertilization efficiency of thirty marketed and experimental recycled phosphorus fertilizers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 467, p.142957. https://www.envor.fi/client/envor/userfiles/peltoravinne-1-2022.pdf	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T147	Drying/ Drying, granulating and pelletizing of broiler litter/ Arvo 4-1-3-1	Name in LEX4BIO: AV4	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: livestock manure (Broiler litter)		CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009				Drying, mixing, pelletizing and granulation (Side streams that have to be treated according to the (EY) N:o 1069/2009 and (EU) 142/2011 are treated in the dryer, possible other raw materials are added and the mix is pelletised and granulated)			Arvo 4-1-3-1; Biolan Oy (marketed by Novarbo Oy); Granules		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer					43.6 (Total C)	4.46	1.12	3 (Manufacturer's declaration)			1 (Manufacturer's declaration)		89.3		https://www.novarbo.fi/media/novarbo/esitteet/novarbo_lannoitteet_fi_web.pdf			9	Yes	No	Low		EU North	Finland				Wester-Larsen, L., Müller-Stöver, D.S., Salo, T. and Jensen, L.S., 2022. Potential ammonia volatilization from 39 different novel biobased fertilizers on the European market–a laboratory study using 5 European soils. Journal of Environmental Management, 323, p.116249. https://www.novarbo.fi/media/novarbo/esitteet/novarbo_lannoitteet_fi_web.pdf Kinsella, D., Forrestal, P., Robles, A. and Edayilam, N., 2023. D1. 1–Report on EU nutrient recovery technologies and derived products.	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T148	Drying/Drying, granulating and pelletizing of Broiler litter, blood meal + potassium sulfate/ Arvo 8-1-5-2	Name in LEX4BIO: AV8	Agricultural Biomasses	Industrial side-streams		Agricultural Biomasses: livestock manure (Broiler litter) Industrial side-streams: food industry by-products (blood meal)		CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009				???			Arvo 8-1-5-2; Biolan Oy (marketed by Novarbo Oy)		PFC 1(B) Organo-mineral fertilizer					42.3 (Total C)	7.87	1	5			2		92	660	https://www.novarbo.fi/media/novarbo/esitteet/novarbo_lannoitteet_fi_web.pdf			8	Yes	Not known	Low		EU North	Finland				Wester-Larsen, L., Müller-Stöver, D.S., Salo, T. and Jensen, L.S., 2022. Potential ammonia volatilization from 39 different novel biobased fertilizers on the European market–a laboratory study using 5 European soils. Journal of Environmental Management, 323, p.116249. https://www.novarbo.fi/media/novarbo/esitteet/novarbo_lannoitteet_fi_web.pdf	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T149	Pelletizing with Sphero technology/ Animal horns/ Biorga Hornmeal	Name in LEX4BIO: BIH	Industrial side-streams			Industrial side-streams: food industry by-products (Animal horns)		CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009				The SPHERO® technology refers to a type of underwater pelletizing system.		https://corona-serwis.com/download/automatik_%20peeletizing%20systems/sphero.pdf	Biorga Hornmeal, Hauert		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer				94.2 (Agostini et al., 2024); 80 Manufacturer's declaration	47.6 Total C	15.47							89.2					9	Yes	No	Medium		EU Central	Switzerland				Wester-Larsen, L., Müller-Stöver, D.S., Salo, T. and Jensen, L.S., 2022. Potential ammonia volatilization from 39 different novel biobased fertilizers on the European market–a laboratory study using 5 European soils. Journal of Environmental Management, 323, p.116249. https://docs.hauert.com/ch/datasheets/h-b-hornmehl-gedampft_de.pdf https://corona-serwis.com/download/automatik_%20peeletizing%20systems/sphero.pdf Agostini, L., Bünemann, E.K., Jakobsen, C., Salo, T., Wester-Larsen, L. and Symanczik, S., 2024. Prediction of nitrogen mineralization from novel bio-based fertilizers using chemical extractions. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 36, p.103781.	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T150	Drying and pelletizing / broiler litter + seaweed/ Biolan luonnonlannoite 4-1-3	Name in LEX4BIO: BIL	Agricultural Biomasses	Blue Biomasses		Agricultural Biomasses: livestock manure and slurry (broiler litter) Blue Biomasses: seaweed		CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009				Side streams that have to be treated according to the (EY) N:o 1069/2009 and (EU) 142/2011 are treated in the dryer, possible other raw materials are added and the mix is pelletized and granulated. "Seaweed powder has been added to enhance the plants' ability to absorb trace elements."			Biolan luonnonlannoite 4-1-3		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer				84 (Agostini et al., 2024); 83 (Manufacturer's declaration)	43.5 Total C	4.6	1 (Manufacturer's declaration)	2.7 (Manufacturer's declaration)	1.7 (Manufacturer's declaration)	0.8 (Manufacturer's declaration)	0.6 (Manufacturer's declaration)		89.4		https://www.biolan.fi/tuotteet/biolan-luonnonlannoite.html			9	Yes	No	Low		EU North	Finland				https://www.biolan.fi/tuotteet/biolan-luonnonlannoite.html Wester-Larsen, L., Müller-Stöver, D.S., Salo, T. and Jensen, L.S., 2022. Potential ammonia volatilization from 39 different novel biobased fertilizers on the European market–a laboratory study using 5 European soils. Journal of Environmental Management, 323, p.116249. Kinsella, D., Forrestal, P., Robles, A. and Edayilam, N., 2023. D1. 1–Report on EU nutrient recovery technologies and derived products. Agostini, L., Bünemann, E.K., Jakobsen, C., Salo, T., Wester-Larsen, L. and Symanczik, S., 2024. Prediction of nitrogen mineralization from novel bio-based fertilizers using chemical extractions. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 36, p.103781.	LEX4BIO/ project completed; NOVAFERT/Ongoing		LUKE
T151	Evaporation/ Potato cell water/ Boost NPK	Name in LEX4BIO: BO1	Industrial side-streams			Industrial side-streams: food industry by-products (by-product of the production of potato protein)		CMC 6: Food industry by-products				Potato cell water comes from the processing of potatoes (e.g., for starch), and evaporationremoves water to concentrate the nutrients.			Boost NPK (Soilfood Oy); concentrated and liquid fertiliser		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer					40.9 Total C	7.93	0.21 FRESH W (Manufacturer's declaration)	2.8 FRESH W (Manufacturer's declaration)	0.026 FRESH W (Manufacturer's declaration)	0.17 FRESH W (Manufacturer's declaration)	0.34 FRESH W (Manufacturer's declaration)		18.4		https://soilfood.fi/maatalous/tuotteet/soilfood-boost-npk/			9	Yes	No	Low		EU North	Finland		Wester-Larsen, L., Müller-Stöver, D.S., Salo, T. and Jensen, L.S., 2022. Potential ammonia volatilization from 39 different novel biobased fertilizers on the European market–a laboratory study using 5 European soils. Journal of Environmental Management, 323, p.116249. Soilfood Boost NPK			LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T152	Anaerobic digestion / Vinasse from sugar production/ Boost NKS	Name in LEX4BIO: BO4	Industrial side-streams			Industrial side-streams: food industry by-products (Vinasse from sugar production)	Industrial side-streams: digestate vinasse	CMC 6: Food industry by-products				Anaerobic digestion of vinasse from sugar production/ Soilfood Boost NKS premium (concentrated and liquid fertiliser)			Boost NKS premium; Soilfood Oy (concentrated and liquid fertiliser)		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer				45.5 FRESH W (Manufacturer's declaration)	34.2 Total C	5.74	0	12.58	0.92 FRESH W (Manufacturer's declaration)	0.07 FRESH W (Manufacturer's declaration)	2.4 FRESH W (Manufacturer's declaration)		62		https://soilfood.fi/maatalous/tuotteet/soilfood-boost-nks-premium/			9	Yes	Not known	Medium		EU North	Finland				Müller, B., Wester-Larsen, L., Jensen, L.S., Salo, T., Garrido, R.R., Arkoun, M., D'Oria, A., Lewandowski, I., Müller, T. and Bauerle, A., 2024. Agronomic performance of novel, nitrogen-rich biobased fertilizers across European field trial sites. Field Crops Research, 316, p.109486. Soilfood Boost NKS Premium Wester-Larsen, L., Müller-Stöver, D.S., Salo, T. and Jensen, L.S., 2022. Potential ammonia volatilization from 39 different novel biobased fertilizers on the European market–a laboratory study using 5 European soils. Journal of Environmental Management, 323, p.116249.	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T153	Anaerobic digestion and composting/ Municipal organic food waste/Bio vækst compost	Name in LEX4BIO: BVC	Municipal Biowaste			Municipal Biowaste: i.e. household food waste, restaurant food waste, supermarket food waste	Municipal Biowaste:compost	CMC 3: Compost				Organic fertilizer based on composted municipal organic food waste.			Bio vækst compost		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer				52.7 (ignition loss)	26.4 Total C	2.82	1.38	0.95	8.37 CaCO3	0.15	0.27		55.7					7	Yes	Yes	Low		EU North	Denmark				https://biovaekst.dk/onewebmedia/2017_aug-2018jul_BioV_KOD_Kompost_Deklaration.pdf	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T154	Drying/ Poultry manure/ Fertilex	Drying in low temperature and pelletizing/ Name in LEX4BIO: FEL	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: livestock manure (Poultry manure)		CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009				"Fertilex pellets are produced in low-temperature drying, where the heat source is the heat produced by the chickens themselves."			Fertilex		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer				70-90 (Manufacturer's declaration); 76.6 (Agostini et al., 2024)	38.9 (Total C)	4.51	1.08	2.16	9.9 (CaO)	1.1			92.5	650-700	https://fertilex.fi/en/for-farmers	20 000 t/year	Static	9	Yes	Yes	Low		EU North	Finland				Wester-Larsen, L., Müller-Stöver, D.S., Salo, T. and Jensen, L.S., 2022. Potential ammonia volatilization from 39 different novel biobased fertilizers on the European market–a laboratory study using 5 European soils. Journal of Environmental Management, 323, p.116249. https://fertilex.fi/en Müller, B., Wester-Larsen, L., Jensen, L.S., Salo, T., Garrido, R.R., Arkoun, M., D'Oria, A., Lewandowski, I., Müller, T. and Bauerle, A., 2024. Agronomic performance of novel, nitrogen-rich biobased fertilizers across European field trial sites. Field Crops Research, 316, p.109486. Agostini, L., Bünemann, E.K., Jakobsen, C., Salo, T., Wester-Larsen, L. and Symanczik, S., 2024. Prediction of nitrogen mineralization from novel bio-based fertilizers using chemical extractions. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 36, p.103781. https://fertilex.fi/en/for-farmers	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T155	Struvite precipitation/Sewage water/ PhosphorCare	Name in LEX4BIO: PCS	Urban Wastewater			Urban Wastewater: Sewage water	Urban Wastewater: precipitated phosphorus salts	CMC 12: Precipitated phosphate salts and derivates				In 2024 it was decided to close down production of phosphate because it was not a cost-effective case anymore due to rising prices on the chemistry involved in the production and that sales prices were not correspondingly high.	https://www.aarhusvand.com/cases/energy-optimization/phosphorcare-from-wastewater-to-valuable-fertilizer/		PhosphorCare		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer					0.3 TOC	10.44	23.3						54.8		https://www.aarhusvand.com/cases/energy-optimization/phosphorcare-from-wastewater-to-valuable-fertilizer/			9	Yes	No	Medium		EU North	Denmark				https://www.aarhusvand.com/cases/energy-optimization/phosphorcare-from-wastewater-to-valuable-fertilizer/ Hernandez-Mora, A., Duboc, O., Lombi, E., Bünemann, E.K., Ylivainio, K., Symanczik, S., Delgado, A., Zahra, N.A., Nikama, J., Zuin, L. and Doolette, C.L., 2024. Fertilization efficiency of thirty marketed and experimental recycled phosphorus fertilizers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 467, p.142957.	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T156	Evaporation/ Potato cell water/ liquid AKV K2	Name in LEX4BIO: PCW	Industrial side-streams			Industrial side-streams: food industry by-products (by-product of the production of potato protein)	Industrial side-streams:	CMC 6: Food industry by-products				K-2 is a fertilizer product, a by-product of potato protein production, made by mixing K-30 and K-45 juice types, removing the protein, and evaporating water to increase the dry matter content from 4% to 40%. K-2 is still in liquid and pumpable form.			AKV K2 (liquid and pumpable form)		PFC 1(B) Organo-mineral fertilizer				55.9 (Agostini et al., 2024)	33 Total C	4.51	1.18	19.17		3 kg/m3	8 kg/m3		33.9			"20,000m3 of protamylasse are used as a fertiliser"		9	Yes	Yes	High		EU North	Denmark				https://www.akv.dk/agro/pulp-og-k-2/k-2-godning/ Müller, B., Wester-Larsen, L., Jensen, L.S., Salo, T., Garrido, R.R., Arkoun, M., D'Oria, A., Lewandowski, I., Müller, T. and Bauerle, A., 2024. Agronomic performance of novel, nitrogen-rich biobased fertilizers across European field trial sites. Field Crops Research, 316, p.109486. Wester-Larsen, L., Müller-Stöver, D.S., Salo, T. and Jensen, L.S., 2022. Potential ammonia volatilization from 39 different novel biobased fertilizers on the European market–a laboratory study using 5 European soils. Journal of Environmental Management, 323, p.116249.	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T157	Anaerobic digestion/ Agro and food waste + seaweed/ liquid Solrød digestate	Name in LEX4BIO: SDG	Agricultural Biomasses	Industrial side-streams	Blue Biomasses	Agricultural Biomasses: agricultural processing residues Industrial side-streams: food industry by-products Blue Biomasses: seaweed	Agricultural Biomasses: digestate agricultural processing residues Industrial side-streams: digestate food industry by-products Blue Biomasses: i.e. digestate seaweed	CMC 6: Food industry by-products	CMC 4: Fresh crop digestate	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate		Liquid organic fertilizer based on fermented agricultural and food industry by-products, amended with seaweed. At the biogas plant, seaweed is processed in a cyclone where a stirrer separates sand (which sinks) from the seaweed (which floats), reducing sand content. Seaweed is co-digested at the biogas plant, alongside industrial biomass waste from nearby companies, livestock manure (from cows and pigs) and sorted organic household waste.			liquid Solrød digestate		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer				78.2 (Agostini et al., 2024)	28.4 Total C	10.79	1.58	2.89					3.8		Lybæk, R. and Kjær, T., 2023. Study of cast seaweed harvesting technologies used in the bay of Køge and their implications for effective biogas production: Applying a circular bio-economy approach. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 35, p.101169.	annually produces around 209,000 tn of fertilizer		9	Yes	Yes	High		EU North	Denmark				Müller, B., Wester-Larsen, L., Jensen, L.S., Salo, T., Garrido, R.R., Arkoun, M., D'Oria, A., Lewandowski, I., Müller, T. and Bauerle, A., 2024. Agronomic performance of novel, nitrogen-rich biobased fertilizers across European field trial sites. Field Crops Research, 316, p.109486. Lybæk, R. and Kjær, T., 2023. Study of cast seaweed harvesting technologies used in the bay of Køge and their implications for effective biogas production: Applying a circular bio-economy approach. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 35, p.101169.	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T158	Drying and Hypersonic Flocculation/ Super Heated Steam/ Fish sludge/ Mira fertilizer Terramarine AS	Drying and Hypersonic Flocculation of feed residues and fish feces	Blue Biomasses			Blue Biomasses:aquaculture sludge (feed residues and fish feces)	None	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009				It is primarily in land-based and closed aquaculture facilities where sludge can be efficiently collected and processed. Bioretur’s dryer is based on Super Heated Steam. A scrubber reduces odors and condenses vapor. The dryer ensures the safest and cleanest hygienization of the sludge available in the market. It transforms fish sludge into hygienized and storage-stable powder with 90% dry solids content.		https://bioretur.no/en/complete-sludge-treatment/	Mira fertilizer Terramarine AS and Bioretur		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer															https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0378429024002399-mmc1.docx			9	Yes	Not known	Medium		EU North	Norway				https://bioretur.no/en/drying-of-fish-sludge/ Circular Economy https://www.terramarine.no/#products https://businessnorway.com/solutions/bioretur-converts-fish-waste-to-fertiliser	national project		LUKE
T159	Anaerobic Digestion/ fish sludge/ liquid digestate	Liquid digestate after anaerobic digestion from Cermaq hatchery by Sterner treatment technology	Blue Biomasses			Blue Biomasses:aquaculture sludge (feed residues and fish feces)	Blue Biomasses: digestate (liquid digestate of fish sludge)	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate	CMC 6: Food industry by-products			Fish sludge collected from the RAS system at Cermaq Hatchery undergoes a multi-step treatment process to convert organic waste into digestate using Sterner Treatment Technology. The process involves the following stages:Drum filter; Gravimetric thickening by conical sedimentation (4-5% DM); Wet grinding before biological hydrolysis; Biogas production in anaerobic baffle (ABR) biogas reactor.		https://www.sterneras.no/en/sludge-treatment/	Liquid digestate of fish sludge		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer				52	37.1 total C	1.7 g/L	0.09 g/L	0.02 g/L	0.3 g/L		0.04 g/L		0.5					7	Yes	Yes	Medium		EU North	Norway				Brod, E., Henriksen, T.M., Ørnsrud, R. and Eggen, T., 2023. Quality of fish sludge as fertiliser to spring cereals: Nitrogen effects and environmental pollutants. Science of the Total Environment, 875, p.162541. Sludge Treatment (EN)	national research project Kretsløp SIS		LUKE
T160	Anaerobic Digestion/ fish sludge/ dried digestate	a mixture of digestate and undigested fish sludge (dried digestate+fish sludge) from Cermaq hatchery by Sterner treatment technology	Blue Biomasses			Blue Biomasses:aquaculture sludge (feed residues and fish feces)	Blue Biomasses: digestate (liquid digestate of fish sludge)	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate	CMC 6: Food industry by-products			Fish sludge collected from the RAS system at Cermaq Hatchery undergoes a multi-step treatment process to convert organic waste into digestate using Sterner Treatment Technology. The process involves the following stages: Chemical polymer is added to digestate (1.5-2% DM) before dewatering by screw press (35% DM); Dewatered digestate is dried at 50 °C. The product was a mixture of dried digestate and fish sludge.		https://www.sterneras.no/en/sludge-treatment/	Dried digestate of fish sludge		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer				64	34.9 total C	6	3	0.02	6.6		0.39		74					7	Yes	Yes	Medium		EU North	Norway				Brod, E., Henriksen, T.M., Ørnsrud, R. and Eggen, T., 2023. Quality of fish sludge as fertiliser to spring cereals: Nitrogen effects and environmental pollutants. Science of the Total Environment, 875, p.162541. Sludge Treatment (EN)	national research project Kretsløp SIS		LUKE
T161	Struvite precipitation/sewage sludge/ Crystal Green®	Name in LEX4BIO: CGO	Urban Wastewater			Urban Wastewater: Sewage sludge	Urban Wastewater: precipitated phosphorus salts	CMC 12: Precipitated phosphate salts and derivates				Crystal Green is produced using Ostara's patented nutrient recovery technologies	https://www.ostara.com/nutrient-recovery/nutrient-recovery-solutions/		Granular Crystal Green®		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer				1.5	0.3 TOC	10.15	22.8						54.8		https://www.ostara.com/products/crystal-green/			9	Yes	Yes	High		EU Southwest	Netherlands				https://www.ostara.com/products/crystal-green/ Hernandez-Mora, A., Duboc, O., Lombi, E., Bünemann, E.K., Ylivainio, K., Symanczik, S., Delgado, A., Zahra, N.A., Nikama, J., Zuin, L. and Doolette, C.L., 2024. Fertilization efficiency of thirty marketed and experimental recycled phosphorus fertilizers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 467, p.142957. Das, S., Helmus, R., Dong, Y., Beijer, S., Praetorius, A., Parsons, J.R. and Jansen, B., 2023. Organic contaminants in bio-based fertilizer treated soil: Target and suspect screening approaches. Chemosphere, 337, p.139261. Dong, Y., Das, S., Parsons, J.R., Praetorius, A., de Rijke, E., Helmus, R., Slootweg, J.C. and Jansen, B., 2023. Simultaneous detection of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in three types of bio-based fertilizers by an improved QuEChERS method coupled with UHPLC-q-ToF-MS/MS. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 458, p.131992. Jama-Rodzeńska, A., Gałka, B., Szuba-Trznadel, A., Jandy, A. and Kamińska, J.A., 2023. Effect of struvite (Crystal Green) fertilization on soil element content determined by different methods under soybean cultivation. Scientific Reports, 13(1), p.12702. Frick, H., Bünemann, E.K., Hernandez-Mora, A., Eigner, H., Geyer, S., Duboc, O., Santner, J., Recena, R., Delgado, A., Arkoun, M. and Tóth, Z., 2025. Bio-based fertilisers can replace conventional inorganic P fertilisers under European pedoclimatic conditions. Field Crops Research, 325, p.109803. Müller, B., Herrmann, M.N., Lewandowski, I., Müller, T., Hartung, J. and Bauerle, A., 2024. The Effect of Biobased N and P Fertilizers in a Winter Wheat–Ryegrass Crop Rotation. Agronomy, 14(10), p.2424.	LEX4BIO/ project completed		LUKE
T162	Pyrolysis/ash derived from industrial sewage sludge/ PolFerAsh	Name in Novafert: PolFerAsh	Urban Wastewater			Urban Wastewater: Sewage sludge	Urban Wastewater: ash from sludge pyrolysis	CMC 14: Pyrolysis And Gasification Materials				PolFerAsh is a technology that used industrial sewage sludge to produce Monommonium Phosphate (MAP) that is a solid material with a pH of 5. "A patented method of phosphorus recovery from SSA with the use of nitric and phosphoric acid, developed by the Cracow University of Technology, is characterized by an efficiency of 80–96%."		http://generalchemistry.chemeng.ntua.gr/uest/chania2023/posters/CostEstimationPayment/647a808e65666mvOsd/4321_gorazda_Chania_23_poster.pdf	PolFerAsh FERTILISER NP (Ca-Mg) 17-20 (7-2.4)		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer						17% NH3	7.8% P2O5 soluble in water; Total P2O5 19.91%		7.39	2.36					http://generalchemistry.chemeng.ntua.gr/uest/chania2023/posters/CostEstimationPayment/647a808e65666mvOsd/4321_gorazda_Chania_23_poster.pdf			9	Yes	Yes	Medium		EU Central	Poland				https://www.novafert.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/D1.1_Report-on-EU-nutrient-recovery-technologies-and-derived-products.pdf Smol, M., Kulczycka, J., Lelek, Ł., Gorazda, K. and Wzorek, Z., 2020. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the integrated technology for the phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge ash (SSA) and fertilizers production. Archives of Environmental Protection, 46(2). http://uest.ntua.gr/naxos2018/proceedings/pdf/62_NAXOS2018_Gorazda_etal.pdf http://generalchemistry.chemeng.ntua.gr/uest/chania2023/posters/CostEstimationPayment/647a808e65666mvOsd/4321_gorazda_Chania_23_poster.pdf	Novafert		LUKE
T163	Chemical Treatment/ sulphur dioxide from the installation to produce sulphuric acid/ K2S2O3 Potassium thiosulfate	Name in Novafert: Claus desulfurization process	Industrial side-streams			Industrial side-streams: chemical industry by-products (sulphur dioxide (SO₂) from the sulphuric acid production process)		CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC				The Claus desulfurization process is an industrial method used to remove hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) from gas streams. Stage I: A technology for the production of potassium sulfate (IV) was developed. Stage II: Potassium thiosulfate was produced from potassium (IV) sulfate and sulphur from the Claus desulfurization process.			liquid		PFC 3(B): Inorganic soil improver																		9	Yes	Not known	Medium		EU Central	Poland				https://www.novafert.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/D1.1_Report-on-EU-nutrient-recovery-technologies-and-derived-products.pdf	Novafert		LUKE
T164	Drying and shredding and chemical-physical treatment process/sewage sludge, biodegradable waste, and selected animal by products/ FuelCAI®	Name in Novafert: FuelCAI®	Urban Wastewater	Industrial side-streams		Urban Wastewater: Sewage sludge		CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009				FuelCAI® uses sewage sludge, biodegradable waste, and selected animal by products to produce organo-mineral fertiliser, which is a powder product that has a high pH of 12.6 and is suitable for acidic soil. "The essence of OrCal®’s quick and effective action is its active calcium hydrate and solubility in water – 1.7g/1000ml, which is excellent, almost 100 times better than the solubility of calcium carbonates (chalk and dolomites) – 0.02g/1000ml. The OrCal® action rate is due to the shorter reaction of OH- ion formation than in dolomite- and chalk-based calcium fertilisers." Steps are: Drying, Placement of the substrate in the intake trough,shredding of the substrate in the shredder, adding optional nutrients such as micro- and macro-elements,		https://evergreensolutions.pl/en/fuelcal-technology/ Zakrzewski, J. and Chabelski, T., 2016. Technologia FuelCal przetwarzania odpadowych biomas na wieloskładnikowe nawozy organiczno-mineralne i wapniowo-organiczne OrCal®. Inżynieria Ekologiczna.	OrCal® ; powder		PFC 1(B) Organo-mineral fertilizer				35.8		1.5	0.48	0.20	22.12						Zakrzewski, J. and Chabelski, T., 2016. Technologia FuelCal przetwarzania odpadowych biomas na wieloskładnikowe nawozy organiczno-mineralne i wapniowo-organiczne OrCal®. Inżynieria Ekologiczna.			9	Yes	Not known	High		EU Central	Poland				https://www.novafert.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/D1.1_Report-on-EU-nutrient-recovery-technologies-and-derived-products.pdf European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 2009. FuelCal® technology as new alternative method of disposal or use of animal by‐products. EFSA Journal, 7(2), p.972. Result product OrCal® FuelCal® technology Zakrzewski, J. and Chabelski, T., 2016. Technologia FuelCal przetwarzania odpadowych biomas na wieloskładnikowe nawozy organiczno-mineralne i wapniowo-organiczne OrCal®. Inżynieria Ekologiczna.	Novafert		LUKE
T165	heating-dispersing /Cattle manure/ AGROLINIJA-S liquid	Name in Novafert:liquid fertiliser AGROLINIJA-S	Agricultural Biomasses			Agricultural Biomasses: Cattle manure		CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009				"Natural organic fertilizer made from cattle bedding compost and leonardite humates using innovative HTD® technology. It combines biologically active microorganisms, humic and fulvic acids, macro- and microelements, and amino acids into a single complex of biologically active components, in which all nutrient components are present in a form readily available to plants."			Liquid organic fertilizer - biostimulant - AGROLINIJA-S						54% (3.7% in Novafert)		3.75 (0.17% in Novafert)	1.96 (0.07% in Novafert)	7.15 (1% in Novafert)					5.6		https://golden-hectare.com/products/agrolinija-s-bio-dunger-konzentrat-25-liter			9	Yes	Not known	Medium		EU Central	Poland				https://www.novafert.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/D1.1_Report-on-EU-nutrient-recovery-technologies-and-derived-products.pdf https://golden-hectare.com/products/agrolinija-s-bio-dunger-konzentrat-25-liter	Novafert		LUKE
T166	Drying and chemical reaction /Sewage sludge, ashes from biomass combustion/ BIOROL Natural Fertiliser	Name in Novafert: BIOROL Natural Fertiliser	Urban Wastewater	Industrial side-streams		Urban Wastewater: Sewage sludge	Industrial side-stream: ash from biomass combustion	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009				"In the Biorol technology, the composition of the waste mixture used in the process has been standardized to achieve the best qualitative characteristics of the Biorol natural fertilizer. For the purpose of the Biorol technology, a program for quantitative dosing of waste into the process with variable morphology of input materials has been developed. The whole process is monitored with regard to process parameters such as temperature, pressure, humidity of the mixture and the product, granule size, and efficiency. For safety reasons, the heating medium in the installation does not come into direct contact with the dried material. An unquestionable advantage of the Biorol Technology is the innovative design of the drying plant. The solution, in the form of a special design of the blades inside the drying plant, counteracts the “sticky phase” during the sludge and ash mixture drying process. The applied solution reduces the need for thermal energy during the reduction of the hydration of the mixture. The design of the drying plant is air-tight, which minimizes the accumulation of dust on the machinery and process equipment in the building and prevents odor nuisance. Granulation of the produced Biorol fertilizer enables safe transport and storage and easy control of its application to the soil."		https://www.eko-technologie.info/en/technology/#:~:text=The%20Biorol%20Technology%20is%20a,ashes%20generated%20by%20biomass%20combustion.	BIOROL Natural Fertiliser; AgriRol		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer				35				1.2	2.6						https://www.bio-rol.pl/nawoz-organiczny/			9	Yes	Not known	High		EU Central	Poland				https://www.novafert.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/D1.1_Report-on-EU-nutrient-recovery-technologies-and-derived-products.pdf Technology https://www.bio-rol.pl/nawoz-organiczny/	Novafert		LUKE
T167	Biomass gasification	Biomass and/or waste gasification for syngas production and biochar	Agricultural Biomasses	Urban Wastewater	Municipal Biowaste	agricultural residues and municipal biowaste	urban wastewater	CMC 14: Pyrolysis And Gasification Materials, CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Biochar production as a bioproduct of gasification process			Biochar to be used as soil amendment and substrate to alternative fertilizers		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer					70	1.00	0.18	2.45	1	0.85								9	Yes	Yes	Medium		EU Southeast	Greece			HELLABIOM		MainstreamBio		Q-PLAN
T168	Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC)	Hydrothermal Carbonization of waste biomass to char	Agricultural Biomasses	Municipal Biowaste	Blue Biomasses	Agricultural residues like corn sotver, rice husk, hyacinth, etc.	Food waste, algae, poultry, dairy manure	CMC 13: Thermal oxidation materials and their derivatives				Biomass waste --> HTC --> Liquid Solid separation --> Wet cake --> drying --> Hydrochar --> Soil amendment			Hydrochar as soil amendment		PFC 3(B): Inorganic soil improver					45.4	21	9.2	7.6										8	Yes	Yes	Medium		EU North	Germany, Ireland			AHT Clean Tec	https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/15/4114#	MainstreamBio		Q-PLAN
T169	Manure Compost	Manure Compost	Municipal Biowaste			Livestock farming manure	May some agricultural residues to enrich manure content	CMC 3: Compost				Biomass composting process			Manure Compost		PFC 3(B): Inorganic soil improver				29.7	24.6	0.71	0.05	2.11										9	Yes	Yes	Low		EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	Ireland and actually in every country			Looop company, Vermont compost company, etc. +++	https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Chemical-Composition-of-Poultry-Manure_tbl1_317831776	MainstreamBio		Q-PLAN
T170	Slurry as fertilizer	Slurry fraction from mechanical solid-liquid separation from various liquid waste treatment facilities	Municipal Biowaste	Urban Wastewater		Slurry, wastewater		CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Wastewater --> slurry --> Mechanical solid-liquid separation --> solid franction --> fertilizer			Solid state slurry based fertilizer		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer				12.1	4.27	0.23	0.08	36										8	Yes	Yes	Medium		EU Central	Denmark, Netherlands, Spain, Belgium, Poland			Slurryseparation, fertilizermanufacturingsolutions, etc.	https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-chemical-composition-of-the-slurry_tbl1_335914812	MainstreamBio		Q-PLAN
T171	Biomass pyrolysis	Biomass and/or waste pyrolysis for biochar and biooils production	Agricultural Biomasses			agricultural residues and municipal biowaste	Industrial side streams may be used	CMC 14: Pyrolysis And Gasification Materials, CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Biochar production as a bioproduct of pyrolysis process			Biochar to be used as soil amendment and substrate to alternative fertilizers		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer					70	1	0.18	2.45	1	0.85								9	Yes	Yes	Medium		EU Central	Germany, Denmark, UK, Hungary, Estonia and other countries			Haiqenvtech, PYREG, Huarui Carbon, etc.	MainstreamBio	MainstreamBio		Q-PLAN
T172	Sewage sludge fertlizer	Sewage sludge from Waste Water Treatment Plants is being processed with anaerobic digestion and it is used as a fertilizer	Urban Wastewater	Municipal Biowaste	Industrial side-streams	Wastewater, landfill leachate	Industrial side streams	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate				Wastewater --> WWTP --> sewage sludge --> Anaerobic digestion --> digestate --> fertilizer			Sewage sludge digestate as fertilizer		PFC 1(B) Organo-mineral fertilizer				35		7.3	2.7	0.8	1.8	0.3								9	Yes	Yes	Medium		EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	Almost all			Many public and private organisations	https://www.researchgate.net/figure/MSW-compost-and-sewage-sludge-composition-on-a-dry-matter-basis_tbl1_274067405	MainstreamBio		Q-PLAN
T173	Digestate as a fertilizer	Anaerobic digestion of biomass for biogas production and digestate utilization as a fertilizer	Agricultural Biomasses	Municipal Biowaste	Blue Biomasses	Livestock manure, crops residues		CMC 4: Fresh crop digestate				Biomass waste --> Anaerobic digestion --> biogas --> digestate --> fertilizer			Digestate as fertilizer from biogas		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer				5.7		0.49	0.06	0.42	0.13	0.05								9	Yes	Yes	Medium		EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	All			A lot of them	https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Chemical-composition-of-digestate-measured-in-100-g-of-digestate_tbl1_332975435	MainstreamBio		Q-PLAN
T174	Struvite precipitation	Struvite precipitation	Urban Wastewater	Municipal Biowaste		Waste water		CMC 12: Precipitated phosphate salts and derivates				waste water (high concentration of N, P) + base + Mg source --> struvite --> fertlizer			Struvite fertilizer		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer						5.4	12.5	0.31		9.5								8	Yes	Not known	Medium		EU North	England, Switzerland, Germany, etc.			Certainteed Gypsum, Ostara Nutrient Recovery Technologies, entex GmbH, etc.	https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Chemical-composition-of-the-pure-struvite-and-precipitation-obtained-under_tbl1_259319787	MainstreamBio		Q-PLAN
T175	Dry sewage sludge fertlizer	Sewage sludge from Waste Water Treatment Plants is being processed with thermal drying and it is used as a fertilizer	Urban Wastewater	Municipal Biowaste	Industrial side-streams	Wastewater, landfill leachate	Industrial side streams	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate				Wastewater --> WWTP --> sewage sludge --> Thermal drying --> fertilizer			Sewage sludge dry substrate as fertilizer		PFC 1(B) Organo-mineral fertilizer				35		7.3	2.7	0.8	1.8	0.3								9	Yes	Yes	Medium		EU North/Central/Southwest/Southeast	Almost all			Many public and private organisations	https://www.researchgate.net/figure/MSW-compost-and-sewage-sludge-composition-on-a-dry-matter-basis_tbl1_274067405	MainstreamBio		Q-PLAN
T176	Liquid NPK fertilizer	Liquid NPK fertilizer derived from vacuum evaporation of various liquid waste	Urban Wastewater	Municipal Biowaste	Industrial side-streams	Various wastewater streams rich in N,P content	Urban waste water, industrial streams	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				Wastewater --> Vacuum evaporation --> N,P recovery --> Water evaporation --> Liquid NPK fertilizer			Liquid NPK alternative fertilizer from vacuum evaporation		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer				depending on the input	depending on the input	depending on the input	depending on the input	depending on the input	depending on the input	depending on the input	depending on the input							8	Yes	Not known	High		EU Central	Germany, France, Spain, Denmark, etc.			Biogastechnik Süd GmbH, KMU LOFT Cleanwater SE, Körting Hannover GmbH, etc.		MainstreamBio		Q-PLAN
T177	Aqua2N		Urban Wastewater			Urban Wastewater	Reject water from sludge dewatering	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials				1) Precipitation of nitrogen-rich compound from the reject water after dewatering of wastewater sludge 2) Centrifugation to separate precipitates 3) Acidification (with sulfuric acid) of solid phase to separate precipitation agent and form Ammonium Sulfate, *Can add evaporation step to concentrate final product of ammonium sulphate from ~20% to ~40%			Liquid ammonium sulphate fertiliser (EasyMining has not branded the fertilizer with a name)	Treated reject water from wastewater sludge dewatering, precipitation agent	PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer						8,4					9,6			1				7	Yes	Yes	Medium		EU North	Denmark			Easymining	https://www.ri.se/en/expertise-areas/projects/cinurgi-eu-interreg-bsr	CiNURGi		RISE
T178	Ash2Phos		Urban Wastewater			Urban Wastewater	Dewatered wastewater sludge	CMC 13: Thermal oxidation materials and their derivatives	CMC 1: Virgin material substances and mixtures			Dewatered sludge drying and mono-incineration to ash (CMC13) followed by chemical treatment with acid (HCl) and lime (CMC 1) resulting in end product calcium phosphate (Ca5(PO4)3OH)			RevoCaP	Ferric chloride, aluminium chemicals, sand	PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer							17.9	0	36.8				95					8	Yes	Yes	Medium		EU North	Sweden, Germany			EasyMining	https://www.ri.se/en/expertise-areas/projects/cinurgi-eu-interreg-bsr	CiNURGi		RISE
T179	Ekobalans Pellets	EkoBalalans Recycled Fertilizer	Agricultural Biomasses	Municipal Biowaste	Industrial side-streams	Liquid pig manure, household food waste, slaughterhouse waste and other food industry byproducts	Digestate from pig manure, municipal biowaste, slaughterhouse waste and food industry byproducts	CMC 5: Digestate other than fresh crop digestate	CMC 15: Recovered high purity materials			Addition of polymer, separation with a Fournier rotary press, drying, addition of ammonium sulfate crystals, mixing, pelletising.			Ekobalans Kretslopps NPK++		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer					24	8	1	2	1	0.2	6							8	Yes	No	Medium		EU North	Sweden			Söderåsens Bioenergi AB	https://www.ri.se/en/expertise-areas/projects/cinurgi-eu-interreg-bsr ; https://ekobalans.se/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/EkoBalans-Kretsloppsgo%CC%88dsel-product-data-sheet.pdf	CiNURGi		RISE
T180	Organic Pellets	Pelletized Organic Fertilizer	Industrial side-streams	Agricultural Biomasses		Slaughterhouse residues (meat- and bonemeal, bonemeal) (Biofer 10-3-1, and most of their other Biofer products) Blood meal for Biofer N15	Chicken manure (Not sure which product), Vinass (Biofer 9-3-4 and Biofer 6-3-12)	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009	CMC 6: Food industry by-products			Components are purchaced seperatetly, mixed in specified rations, then pelletized and packaged			Biofer 10-3-1, they have multiple product formulations that they sell (https://gyllebogodning.se/produkter/), data here is for Biofer 10-3-1.		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer						10	2.6	1	4.4	0.2	0.5				https://gyllebogodning.se/produkt/biofer-10-3-1/		Static	9	Yes	Yes	Low	High	EU North	Sweden			Gyllebo gödning	https://www.ri.se/sv/expertisomraden/projekt/vaxtnaring-i-osakra-tider	Växtnäring i osäkra tider, CiNURGi		RISE
T181	Pelleted manure	Pelleted complete digested pig manure	Agricultural Biomasses	Industrial side-streams		Digested pig manure	Slaughterhouse ABPs	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009	CMC 1: Virgin material substances and mixtures			Pig manure and slaughterhouse ABP waste is co-digested, digestate is dewatered with a screw press, the liquid is evaporated after acidification with sulfuric acid, the concentrate is added to the solid fraction and then together dried in a belt dryer and then pelleted.		See bottom of this file for a diagram	Alviksgårds Biogödsel	Condensate water from the evaporator, low amount of N in the water but unclear on the concentration. Should be used for irrigation or potentially if low enough N content it can be released.	PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer	PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver				26.7	7	1	2.2	1.4	0.9	7.8		95				Static	9	Yes	No	High	Low	EU North	Sweden			Alviks gård	https://www.ri.se/sv/expertisomraden/projekt/vaxtnaring-i-osakra-tider https://purac.se/referenser/alviksgarden-lulea/	Växtnäring i osäkra tider		RISE
T182	Pelleted Organic Fertilizer		Industrial side-streams			Slaughterhouse residues, Meat- and bonemeal (Most of their AgroPellets formulations), blood meal for AgroPellets N14.	Vinass (AgroPellets 8-3-5-3, 6-5-2-1, 6-3-8-4, ) Chicken Manure (AgroPellet 4.4-1-5-2)	CMC 10: Derived products within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009	CMC 6: Food industry by-products	CMC 1: Virgin material substances and mixtures		Components are purchaced seperatetly, mixed in specified rations, then pelletized and packaged			AgroPellets, there are multiple products they sell with various formulations and CMCs. AgroPellets 10-3-1 is a very common fertilizer bought.		PFC 1(A) Organic fertilizer						9,7	3.5	0,9	7,5	0,2	0,9							9	Yes		Low	High	EU North	Sweden			Ekoväx (http://www.ekovax.se)	https://www.ri.se/sv/expertisomraden/projekt/vaxtnaring-i-osakra-tider	Växtnäring i osäkra tider		RISE
T183	High-temperature composting by Rootzone Africa process	Rootzone organic compost by heat composting with closed system	Industrial side-streams	Municipal Biowaste	Urban Wastewater	Coffee husks, food processing waste, municipal organic solid waste	sludge	CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC			A single container (BFP unit) has the capacity to compost 18 tons of organic waste at a time	Sorting, crushing and mixing wastes, heat controlled aerobic composting, maturing, screening, bagging	Heat Controlled Composting takes place in an isolated bioreactor, whereby microorganism is degrading and transforming biomass into a mixture of mineralized and organic composition. The aerobic composting process is activated by blowing in oxygen over the biomass using an aerator and if higher moisture is needed. After 24-48 hours, the biomass will reach +70° C and is kept at this temperature for the next 24 hours, whereby any pathogenic bacteria, protozoa and weed seeds has been destroyed and the biomass is completely sterilized. Then the biomass is left to mature. The composting process is constantly monitored by the control system which monitors and controls temperature and oxygen content. Within another 3 days the material has become a dark brown colored and sweet smelling humus with high organic matter. Once the matter has stabilized at an ambient temperature the product has matured and is ready for screening.		Rootzone Organic Compost		PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver																The annual production capacity of a single container (BFP unit) is 6-800 tons of bio-fertilizer per year or 2-15 tons of bio-fertilizer per week	Static/Mobile	9	Yes	Not known	Medium	Medium	AU	Kenya, Uganda			Rootzone Africa Limited https://rootzoneafrica.com/	https://rootzoneafrica.com/ https://rootzoneafrica.com/bio-fertilizer-technology/ https://rootzone.dk/products-services/bio-fertilizer	Rootzone Africa		IUNG
T184	Insect composting in Rwanda	Composting using insects Black Soldier fly larvae	Municipal Biowaste	Agricultural Biomasses		Coffee pulp, food waste, organic waste		CMC 11: By-products within the meaning of Directive 2008/98/EC				Food waste is mixed with coffee pulp and treated with black soldier fly larvae, which transform it into nutrient-rich compost in just 10 days.			Organic Compost		PFC 3(A): Organic soil improver																	Static	7	Yes	No	Low	High	AU	Rwanda			Sucafina Rwanda https://group.sucafina.com/, The Bug Picture https://thebugpicture.com/, COPED GRUP https://copedgroup.rw/	https://group.sucafina.com/news/sustainable-development/page-3/making-biofertilizer-rwanda/ https://group.sucafina.com/news/sustainable-development/page-4/get-your-hands-dirty-earth-day/	RWACOF		IUNG
T185	Solid organo-mineral fertiliser from composted biomass and mineral inputs by "FOMI-CAPAD" process	Technology for producing solid organo-mineral fertiliser by co-composting of organic biomass and mineral nutrient sources through the "FOMI-CAPAD" process	Organic waste (crop residues, animal manure)	Agro-industrial waste	Mineral nutrient additives (e.g., phosphates, sulphates)	Agricultural Biomasses: livestock manure	Agricultural Biomasses: composted manure				The FOMI factory in Burundi processes approximately 150–500 tonnes of raw organic materials per day, depending on season and sourcing logistics.	(1) sourcing of locally composted livestock manure and imported mineral nutrients (NPK blends) at the Maramvya factory; (2) mixing of organic and mineral components to achieve target nutrient ratios (e.g., NPK 9‑22‑4 CaO MgO); (3) granulation or pelletizing to ensure uniform size and ease of application; (4) drying and cooling to reduce moisture content and stabilize product; (5) packaging for bulk or bagged distribution across Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, and Eastern D.R. Congo.	The FOMI-citad process is based on co-composting locally sourced livestock manure with imported mineral nutrients to produce standardized organo-mineral fertilizers adapted to burundi's soils and cropping systems. after sourcing, organic and mineral components are mixed in predefined nutrient ratios (e.g., NPK 9‑22‑4 + CaO + MgO), then granulated or pelletized for consistent size and nutrient content. the granules are dried, cooled, and packaged for distribution across burundi and the greater great lakes region. the process operates under controlled conditions to ensure moisture reduction, pathogen elimination, and product stability. production is handled at the maramvya facility, which scaled from 150–200 t/day in 2019 to 500 t/day in 2021, supported by iso-certified practices and quality control protocols.	https://fomi.bi/?p=8850	FOMI Imbura (granular NPK) and FOMI Bukivuge (organic-mineral compost)		PFC 1(C) Inorganic fertilizer and PFC 1(D) Organo-mineral fertilizer			Total Nitrogen (N): 20–25% (Form: primarily as ammonium (NH₄⁺) and nitrate (NO₃⁻))	50	30	9-22	22-24	4-22	4-13	2	0							9	FOMI’s ammonium nitrate production plant is fully operational in Bujumbura, Burundi. The facility processes organic waste and mineral components to produce high-quality ammonium nitrate fertilizers for national and regional distribution. The installation is recognized and supported through public-private collaboration with CAPAD, and serves as a key supplier of inorganic fertilizers within EAFF member regions.	FOMI’s ammonium nitrate production prioritizes efficient nutrient recovery and minimal environmental impact. The process follows closed-loop principles to prevent nitrogen losses, particularly ammonia volatilization. While a full Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has not been published, operational practices indicate reduced greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional nitrogen production. The use of organic waste as input contributes to resource efficiency and supports circular economy objectives. Mass and nutrient balance data are internally monitored, and soil and water safety assessments are part of national regulatory compliance.	Medium – The FOMI ammonium nitrate production process involves mechanical separation, chemical transformation, and thermal control. It integrates several steps such as slurry separation, ammonia stripping, and acid scrubbing, requiring moderate engineering and chemical handling skills but not to the extent of full-scale high-complexity systems.		Burundi, Eastern DR Congo, Rwanda, and Tanzania – The technology is implemented and operated by FOMI in Burundi, with distribution networks extending to Eastern DR Congo, Rwanda, and Tanzania through partnerships with farmer organizations such as CAPAD and affiliated cooperatives.	Burundi			FOMI Société par Actions (FOMI S.A.) – a fertilizer production enterprise based in Burundi, responsible for manufacturing and distributing the product.	Confédération des Associations des Producteurs Agricoles pour le Développement (CAPAD) – a national farmers’ organization in Burundi that collaborates with FOMI to support implementation, farmer outreach, and adoption of the fertilizer technology.	Projet d’Appui à la Productivité Agricole au Burundi (PAPAB) – A completed project that supported fertilizer adoption and technology transfer through FOMI in Burundi. The project facilitated improved soil fertility practices and enhanced access to quality fertilizers among smallholder farmers.		EAFF